雅思语法总结 第1篇

总分段落说明文的段落中，大部分为总分结构，即段落的第一句或前两句为中心句，其后的内容就是一些细节、例子或者数据分析，这些内容目的是为了支持开头的主题。这些段落的中心句通常是一个具有概括性语气的陈述句，而后的内容包含细节描述、数据和例子，也比较容易被识别出来。例如剑桥五-2 xxxELITE文章倒数第三段：The originalpatent outlined athree-stage process,iwhich phenol and formaldehyde (from wood or coa) were initially combined under vacuum inside alarge egg-shaped kettle......这个段落中，由于我们看到文章的第一句提到three-stage process，我们就可以断定段落的内容为制造xxxELITE的三个步骤以及细节。这个段落的专有名词较多，如果识别出此段的句间关系，就节省了逐句分析句子的时间，在解决后面的LABLE题时也可以迅速定位到这一段。再比如，剑五-1NATURE OR NURTURE的E段：What were the actual results? Well over 60 percent of the teacher-subjects continued to......这个段落结构也比较明显，内容为实验的结果及分析。当然，也有一些段落没有如此明显的总分特点，需要我们分析和理解段中的每一句，但是在skimming的过程中，段落的开头一至两句的内容还是十分重要的。

因果段落具有明显的连接词来表示其中的关系，例如therefore,as aresultbecause, thus,hence等。对于这样的段落，通常会考查 T/F/NG判断题、多选题或填空题。例如剑五-4THE EFFECTSOF LIGHT ON PLANT AND ANIMAL SPECIES第三段：Breeding seasons in animals such asbirds have evolved to occupy the part of the year in which offspring have the greatestchances...... Thus many temperate-zone birds use the increasing day lengths.....

转折段落中的考点是雅思阅读考试中的一类经典考点，提醒考生们应该对其保持高度的警觉一旦在skimming过程中，或者做题找答案的过程中看到 however/but等表示转折的连接词就要清楚转折的地方一定会设置考点，通常为 TF/NG、多选题、HEADING。遇到转折段落那么该段的中心会体现在 however/but 的后面，因此句子间的意思就比较明显了：however/but前的句子内容为前提条件、之前的预测或研究结果等;而连接词后面的则是与前文不一致的地方，或者说是更有价值的地方。在转折段中重要的信息都存在于转折词后面的内容。例如，剑六-2 第三段：Clearly, certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face of medical there may be other contributing factors. Improvements in childhood nutrition in the first quarteof the twenticth century, for example, gave today's elderly people a better start in life than theipredecessors.看这段的前两句，意思为：“显然这些疾病在医疗发展面前退却下来。但是很有可能还有其他一些因素”。看了这个转折关系的内容，我们就可以得知本段旨在讲其他的因素。再例如，剑七-2 THE TRUE COST OF FOOD第二段：First mechanization, then mass use ofchemical fertilizers and pestic ides, .....·But the damage it has caused has been colossal......这一段 but 前的内容为农业发展迅速，高强度农耕带来了巨大的产量:之后的内容则是讲农业的迅速发展所带来的巨大损害。当我们看到这个转折以后，就会明白这个段落旨在讨论损害而不是提高产量。因此转折无疑是在提示我们:转折词后的内容是主旨，也是考点所在。

递进段落也常xxx示递进关系的连接词，如moreover/furthermore等，也有的段中没有连接词，但是通过意思能判断出段落后半部分的内容更加重要。递进的内容通常是对之前提到内容的补充，也就是说，递进前后的内容属于一个大类，是并列的内容。看下面的两个例子：剑七-3 ANT INTELLIGENCE 第四段：Or have they? The farming methods of ants are at leastsustainable. They do not ruin environments or use enormous amounts of energy. Moreover, recentevidence suggests that the crop farming of ants may be more sophisticated and adaptable than wasthought.这个段落中由于出现递进关系，因此我们可以判断整个段落讲的都是蚂蚁的farming methods是很高效和科学的。第三句和第四句的内容就可以归为一类，或者说，想表达的意思是一致的。

雅思语法总结 第2篇

1. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, (what is more important), always in itsgenuine form, with the right ponunciation, right intonation, right use of words and righhigh blocks of flats.结构：共有2个谓语动词，其中主的是 hears。(what is more)是插入语，而插入语并不重要。所以要先理解插入语两端的内春，再理解插入语。因此，对于插入语，我们的处理力structure.法是:“先读两端，再读中间”。with后面的 right...right...and right...是并列结构。翻译：儿童从早到晚都能听到别人在讲(母语)，而且更重要的是，听到的总是一种正确的发音、语调、用词以及语法结构的纯正语言。2. Work, (for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under), for a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well.结构：只有一个谓语动词：involves。(for mostAmerican and Chinese women aged S5 andunder)是插入语。本句的主于为:Work ivolves responsibility。 for 后面的内容修饰responsibility, 而 a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well 为并列结翻译：对于大多数美国和中国的 5岁或者以下的妇女而言，工作的全部职责包括了负责构。家务、照顾孩子以及在家务之外还要上班。, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person hecould contact by radio, (unless there was a ship nearby), would be on an island 885 miles away.结构：共有5个谓语动词，主谓语动词为 could not help。that 引导 think 的宾语从句could contact属于定于从句，省略了引导词，修饰 person。unless 引导条件状语从句，为括入语。拆分为:1) Still, he could not help thinking2) That if anything should ) The nearest person would be on ... ) he could contact the ) Unless there was a ship nearby翻译：他仍然忍不住想到，如果发生了什么意外，那么除非附近有条船，否则他能用电_系到的最近的人也 885 英里之外的岛屿上。4. Yet this other life has its interests, its enjoyments, its satisfaction. and, (at certain rareintervals), a peaceful glow or a sudden excitement.结构:只有1个谓语动词：has。its,ts, ts.,d a是并列结构，作为 ha的宾语。(at certain rare intervals)是插入语。翻译：然而，这另一种生活也有其情趣、快乐、满足，而且也偶尔伴随着平静的喜悦或者突如其来的激动。

5. Our knowledge of social systems, (therefore), (while it is in many ways ), is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries.结构：共有2个谓语动词，其中is nt 是主的谓语动词。ie引导的让步状语从,作为插入语，分隔了主语和系动词。拆分为：1) Our knowledge of social systems is not likely to be seriously overturned by ) While it is in many ways extremely inaccurate.翻译：因此，虽然在很多方面，我们对社会体制的认识极度不准确，但是这些认识并不能够被新的发现所正式推翻。6. However, self-fulfillment is important to morality because unfulfilled citizens, (nomatter how virtuous), can not perform the duties morality assigns them.结构：共有2个谓语动词，其中is 是主的谓语动词。because 引导原因状语从句。(momatterhowvirtuous)是插入语，分隔了从句的主语和谓语。拆分为：1) Self-fulfillment is important to ) Because unfulfilled citizens can not perform the duties morality assigns them翻译：然而，自我实现对于道德而言至关重要，因为没有自我实现的公民，无论多么有道德，都无法履行道德赋予他们的义务。7. Information and knowledge will become e ven more vital, and the people who possess it,(whether they work in manufacturing or services), will have the advantage and produce thewealth.结构：共有4 组谓语动词，其中谓语动为 will become 和 will have and produce。whether 引导让步状语从句为插入语。拆分:1) Information and knowiedge wil become even more vital, and the people will have theadvantages and produce the ) People possess ) Whether they work in manufacturing or services翻译：信息和知识将会变得更加重要，而且掌握它们的人们，不论是在制造业还是服务业，都将会拥有优势，创造财富。

雅思语法总结 第3篇

名词性从句有：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。

1、that放句首引导。

That the earth goes around the sun is the truth we all admit.

2. whether 引导

Whether he will come (or not) is unclear.

3. 连接代词who,whom,whose,that,which,whoever. 连接副词:where,when,how,why.

What he did is not clear to comes is welcomed.

形式主语it(疑问句式时要将主语从句后置)

It's + adj +thatIt's +n+thatIt's +过去分词+thatit's reported that...It's said... It +seem/happen+ that...

1、that放句首引导

That the earth goes around the sun is the truth we alladmit.

2. whether 引导Whether he will come (or not)is unclear.

3. 连接代词 who,whomwhose,that,which,whoever. 连接副词：where，when;how;why.

What he did is not clear to me.

Whoever comes is welcomed.

形式主语it(疑问句式时要将主语从句后置)

It's + adj +thatIt's important that we play well at home.

It's +n+thatIt is a question that I am too busy.

It's +过去分词+thatit's reported that...(据报道......)

It is reported that 20 people were killed in the 's said that...(据说......)

It is said that she works as an actress.

It +seem/happen+ that...

It seems that he is happy with the exam result.

引导。

He told us that he was ill.

That一般可以省略。但是表示并列，或者宾语从句作介词宾语(except that)，或主句与that 中间有插入语时不省。

可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。

例句：

The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.

注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。

例句：I don't think it is right for him to treat you like that.

在以下情况中that不能省略：

1）当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。

例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.

2）当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。

例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.

3）当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。

例句：I can't tell him that his mother died.

注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。

例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.

、whether引导

I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.

实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。

一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。

例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.

只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句在带to的不定式前

例句：We decided whether to walk there.

在介词的后面例句：

I'm thinking of whether we should go to see the film.

在动词后面的宾语从句时例句：

We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week

直接与or not连用时例句：

I can't say whether or not thet can come on time.

只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”例句：

The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.

if引导否定概念的宾语从句时例句：

He asked if I didn't come to school yesterday.

引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时例句：

He talks as if he has known all about it.

3.连接代词、连接副词

3、连接代词、连接副词

这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：

see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。

英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。

例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?

英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。

例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

系动词:

(不用于进行时态或被动态)表示状态:be;appear;seem;keep;remain;continue;stay;prove;等表示感觉:look;feel;smell;sound;taste

等表示转变:become;fall;get;go;grow;turn等。

1. that

The trouble is that I have lost my keys.

2. whether, as, as if.

He looked just as he had looked ten years before.

3. 连接代词，连接副词。

The problem is how he did was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.

能跟表语从句的系动词为be,seem,look...

同位语从句的先行词一般仅限于 idea，plan，fact，theory，question，reply,report, remark,promise, hope, news, doubt, truth, information,suggestion，question， thought， belief，conclusion 等少数名词。

关联词多用 that: where do you get the idea that I could not come today

连接代词，连接副词 : It is a question how he did itWe haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer holiday.

同的that 无意义，在句中不充当成分，不可以省略定语从句不仅连接作用，还充当成分，可以省略。

: The news that I will be your new teacher is true.（同位语从句）

The news (that) he told me yesterday is true.(定语从句)