2020mba论说文真题范文(10篇)

2023-12-16 13:01:54 66

2020mba论说文真题xxx 第1篇

There is no doubt that we should never go out there to see what happens; instead, we should take actions to make things happen. A telling example is Youyou Tu. She and her colleagues made 380 extracts from 2,00 herbs before they finally succeeded in discovering the pure substance qinghaosu, which can be used to treat malaria. As we all know, there were numerous scientists who wanted to find this substance, but it was her firm actions that made her the first Chinese Nobel laureate in medicine.

Why?Reasons are quite simple and can be listed as follows. To begin with, only by taking actions can we find the best way to solve those problems we are facing, but as a bystander, we can learn nothing meaningful. In addition, in an age full of ruthless and relentless competitions, without taking actions to make things happen, we are bound to lose those valuable opportunities. For instance, if Apple had just gone out there to see what happens in mobile phones, it could not have presented the amazing product, iPhone, to us.

Accordingly, we college students should not just be a watcher but a doer. In my humble opinion, we can start from applying what we have learned into practice.

鸟类会飞是因为它们在进化中不断优化了其身体结构。飞行是一项特殊的运动，鸟类的躯干进化成了适合飞行的流线型。飞行也是一项需要付出高能量代价的运动，鸟类增强了翅膀、胸肌部位的功能，又改进了呼吸系统，以便给肌肉持续提供氧气。同时，鸟类在进化过程中舍弃了那些沉重的效率低的身体部位。

一.审题：这是一个典型的“观点型审题”，材料的观点句为第一句：鸟类会飞是因为它们在进化中不断优化了其身体结构。观点句中核心概念优化。其他则是对观点的解释，对优化或进化的进一步说明，能联系企业实际更好：

1、优化，企业成功的阶梯2、适应与进化的力量3、适应环境，有效进化；4、把握关键，突出重点强化5、不断提升效率，做好取舍7、有效决策，企业适应变化的法宝8、韧性，企业中适应剧烈变化的关键这个最后一节课上面我讲过，最切题。9、其他

二.结构：可以选择单要素结构。(xxx专硕）

三.素材归类：可以以个人为论证对象，以个人成长的相关素材展开论证；也可以以企业作为论证对象，以企业成长的相关素材展开论证。

2020mba论说文真题xxx 第2篇

托福阅读文本：

In seventeenth-century colonial North America, all day-to-day cooking was done in the fireplace. Generally large, fireplaces were planned for cooking as well as for warmth. Those in the Northeast were usually four or five feet high, and in the South, they were often high enough for a person to walk into. A heavy timber called the mantel tree was used as a lintel to support the stonework above the fireplace opening. This timber might be scorched occasionally, but it was far enough in front of the rising column of heat to be safe from catching fire.

Two ledges were built across from each other on the inside of the chimney. On these rested the ends of a ”lug pole“ from which pots were suspended when cooking. Wood from a freshly cut tree was used for the lug pole, so it would resist heat, but it had to be replaced frequently because it dried out and charred, and was thus weakened. Sometimes the pole broke and the dinner fell into the fire. When iron became easier to obtain, it was used instead of wood for lug poles, and later fireplaces had pivoting metal rods to hang pots from.

Beside the fireplace and built as part of it was the oven. It was made like a small, secondary fireplace with a flue leading into the main chimney to draw out smoke. Sometimes the door of the oven faced the room, but most ovens were built with the opening facing into the fireplace. On baking days (usually once or twice a week) a roaring fire of ”oven wood,“ consisting of brown maple sticks, was maintained in the oven until its walls were extremely hot. The embers were later removed, bread dough was put into the oven, and the oven was sealed shut until the bread was fully baked.

Not all baking was done in a big oven, however. Also used was an iron ”bake kettle,“ which looked like a stewpot on legs and which had an iron lid. This is said to have worked well when it was placed in the fireplace, surrounded by glowing wood embers, with more embers piled on its lid.

托福阅读题目：

1. Which of the following aspects of domestic life in colonial North America does the passage

mainly discuss?

(A) methods of baking bread

(B) fireplace cooking

(D) the types of wood used in preparing meals

2. The author mentions the fireplaces built in the South to illustrate

(A) how the materials used were similar to the materials used in northeastern fireplaces

(B) that they served diverse functions

(D) how they were safer than northeastern fireplaces

3. The word ”scorched“ in line 6 is closest in meaning to

(A) burned

(B) cut

(D) bent

4. The word ”it“ in line 6 refers to

(A) the stonework

(B) the fireplace opening

(D) the rising column of heat

to the passage , how was food usually cooked in a pot in the seventeenth century?

(A) By placing the pot directly into the fire

(B) By putting the pot in the oven

(D) By hanging the pot on a pole over the fire

6. The word ”obtain“ in line 12 is closest in meaning to

(A) maintain

(B) reinforce

(D) acquire

7. Which of the following is mentioned in paragraph 2 as a disadvantage of using a wooden lug

pole?

(A) It was made of wood not readily available.

(B) It was difficult to move or rotate.

(D) It became too hot to touch.

8. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that, compared to other firewood, ”oven wood“ produced

(A) less smoke

(B) more heat

(D) lower flames

to paragraph 3, all of the following were true of a colonial oven EXCEPT:

(A) It was used to heat the kitchen every day.

(B) It was built as part of the main fireplace.

(D) It was heated with maple sticks.

to the passage , which of the following was an advantage of a ”bake kettle_?

(A) It did not take up a lot of space in the fireplace.

(B) It did not need to be tightly closed.

(D) It could be used to cook several foods at one time.

托福阅读答案：

BCACD DCBAAB

2020mba论说文真题xxx 第3篇

在上述材料中，以企业发生丑闻无法带来道德进步，进而怀疑其存在对于社会的意义，从而推论出“只有建立有效的激励机制，才能杜绝企业丑闻的发生”，这是值得推敲的。

首先，美国企业丑闻绝对数量多于发展中国家，但是很可能美国的企业也多于发展中国家。材料通过企业丑闻绝对数量多从而推理出经济发展不一定带来道德进步，这里的衡量标准是成问题的。

其次，企业丑闻数量与道德进步并不具备必然联系。发展中国家的企业没有丑闻曝光，不代表企业中没有问题或者丑闻的存在。曝光的企业丑闻多也许可以说明信息的通畅度好，新闻的自由度高，但并不代表道德不进步。

再次，因为存在企业丑闻，从而怀疑其存在对社会的意义，是有失偏颇的。企业对于社会的意义要从经济、政治、管理、就业、产品、市场等诸多方面考量，如果企业对于社会更多的是积极作用，那么只看到消极的一面就以偏概全了。

最后，文章最后谈到只有建立有效的激励机制才能杜绝企业丑闻的发生，两者不存在直接的联系。因为材料只是提到无效的激励机制，使企业的高管在企业发生下滑和亏损时，无须承担责任；但是企业业绩下降与发生丑闻没有必然的联系，所以将有效的激励机制作为解决企业丑闻的方法，不一定正确。

综上所述，可以发现文中存在以偏概全、强拉因果等诸多逻辑漏洞，在论证方面有许多缺陷，因此文中所推论的结论是值得推敲的。

参考xxx2

2020mba论说文真题xxx 第4篇

【题干】分析下面的论证在概念、论据、论证方式、结论等方面的有效性。600字左右。

把几只蜜蜂和苍蝇放进一只平放的玻璃瓶，使瓶底对着光亮处，瓶口对着暗处。结果，有目标地朝着光亮处拼命扑腾的蜜蜂最终衰竭而死，而无目的地乱蹿的苍蝇竟都溜出细口瓶颈逃生。是什么葬送了蜜蜂？是它对既定方向的执著，是它对趋光习性这一规则的遵循。

当今企业面临的最大挑战是经营环境的模糊性与不确定性。在高科技企业，哪怕只预测几个月后的技术趋势都是件浪费时间的徒劳之举。就像蜜蜂或苍蝇一样，企业经常面临一个像玻璃瓶那样的不可思议的环境。蜜蜂实验告诉我们，在充满不确定性的经营环境中，企业需要的不是朝着既定方向的执着努力，而是在随机试错的过程中寻求生路，不是对规则的遵循而是对规则的突破。在一个经常变化的世界里，混乱的行动比有序的衰亡好得多。

2020mba论说文真题xxx 第5篇

【作文题目】

阅读下面的漫画材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。

要求：结合材料的内容和寓意，选好角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题;不要套作，不得抄袭。

进步与退步，表扬与批评，思考评价与发展的问题。

阅读漫画，结合材料的内容和语义，选好角度，确定立意，明确问题，自拟标题，写一篇不少于800字的文章。

教育差距

望子成龙，望女成凤，这是每个家长对孩子的最大期盼，而每个家庭对待孩子的教育也各不一样。有的是xxx自然，让孩子自由发挥;有的是望子成才心切，对孩子学业严厉苛刻。

xxx和xxx是同桌，他们的家长对待他们的`学业有不同的做法。xxx成绩优异，父母都希望他能有一个好前途，，所以从小对他学业很严厉，不能有半点差错;xxx成绩不是很好，虽然父母很失望，但是父母对他的学业还是一直鼓励。一次测试，xxx考了满分，父母很高兴，亲了xxx一口，让他下次还是拿满分;xxx没考及格，父母很生气，打了xxx一巴掌，让他下次考好点。等到下次考试，xxx没考到满分，父母打了他一巴掌，而这次xxx分数提高了一些，父母亲了他一口!

两对父母对待孩子成绩的不同做法，可以看出当代教育的不同体现。俗话说“黄金条条出好人”，这种思想也不是全对，家长过分的对孩子学业严厉，终究会适得其反，只会让孩子厌烦学习，如果家长对孩子学业多一点关心，鼓励，问候，对孩子繁重的学业之后也是一个很好的安慰，毕竟每个家长都是从孩子阶段走来的，都有过同样的感受!

这幅漫画首先指向的是家庭教育，寓意的是爱与惩罚及其功能。在我看来，两个巴掌都是不对的，而两个吻都很对。仔细分析一下，100分得到的吻是高分挣来的，是爱，但爱的内容比较单一，所以98分就要挨巴掌;55分的巴掌是错误的，家长粗暴了，但61分的吻特别温馨，爱的内容比较丰富，有亲情，还有鼓励、宽容和等待。从效果看，98分挨巴掌的孩子可能从此战战兢兢，学习心态受到了极大的破坏，会进入比较机械僵硬的学习状态，甚至可能创造精神也被压抑，下一次考试变成90分甚至更低都有可能。但61分得到的吻则可能成为一种动力，从而形成一种积极向上的精神，孩子的心理会处于比较宽松自由的健康状态，未来可能有很好的发展，下一次考试分数会更高几乎是可以肯定的。

这幅漫画虽然看起来主要是在跟家长们对话，其实也是在讨论中国的教育。中国教育的一个重要弊端就是唯分数论，分数决定一切，漫画里的吻和巴掌也是分数决定论的后果。分数决定论在教育发展和人才选拔方面的消极后果已经日益显现，值得全社会反思。

2020mba论说文真题xxx 第6篇

托福阅读文本：

The sculptural legacy that the new United States inherited from its colonial predecessors was far from a rich one, and in fact, in 1776 sculpture as an art form was still in the hands of artisans and craftspeople. Stone carvers engraved their motifs of skulls and crossbones and other religious icons of death into the gray slabs that we still see standing today in old burial grounds. Some skilled craftspeople made intricately carved wooden ornamentations for furniture or architectural decorations, while others caved wooden shop signs and ships' figureheads. Although they often achieved expression and formal excellence in their generally primitive style, they remained artisans skilled in the craft of carving and constituted a group distinct from what we normally think of as ”sculptors“ in today's use of the word.

On the rare occasion when a fine piece of sculpture was desired, Americans turned to foreign sculptors, as in the 1770's when the cities of New York and Charleston, South Carolina, commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of William Pitt. Wilton also made a lead equestrian image of King George III that was created in New York in 1770 and torn down by zealous patriots six years few marble memorials with carved busts, urns, or other decorations were produced in England and brought to the colonies to be set in the walls of churches — as in King's Chapel in Boston. But sculpture as a high art, practiced by artists who knew both the artistic theory of their Renaissance-Baroque-Rococo predecessors and the various technical procedures of modeling, casting, and carving rich three-dimensional forms, was not known among Americans in 1776. Indeed, for many years thereafter, the United States had two groups from which to choose — either the local craftspeople or the imported talent of European sculptors.

The eighteenth century was not one in which powered sculptural conceptions were developed.

Add to this the timidity with which unschooled artisans — originally trained as stonemasons, carpenters, or cabinetmakers — attacked the medium from which they sculpture made in the United States in the late eighteenth century.

托福阅读题目：

1. What is the main idea of the passage ?

(A) There was great demand for the work of eighteenth-century artisans.

(B) Skilled sculptors did not exist in the United States in the 1770's.

(D)American sculptors were hampered by a lack of tools and materials.

2. The word ”motifs“ in line 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) tools

(B) prints

(D) designs

3. The work of which of the following could be seen in burial grounds?

(A) European sculptors

(B) Carpenters

(D) Cabinetmakers

4. The word ”others“ in line 6 refers to

(A) craftspeople

(B) decorations

(D) shop signs

5. The word ”distinct“ in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) separate

(B) assembled

(D) inferior

6. The word ”rare“ in line 11 is closest in meaning to

(A) festive

(B) infrequent

(D) unexpected

7. Why does the author mention Joseph Wilton in line 13?

(A) He was an English sculptor who did work in the United States.

(B) He was well known for his wood carvings

(D) He settled in the United States in 1776.

8. What can be inferred about the importation of marble memorials from England?

(A) Such sculpture was less expensive to produce locally than to import

(B) Such sculpture was not available in the United States.

(D) The materials found abroad were superior.

9. How did the work of American carvers in 1776 differ from that of contemporary sculptors?

(A) It was less time-consuming

(B) It was more dangerous.

(D) It was less refined.

托福阅读答案：

BDCAABABD

2020mba论说文真题xxx 第7篇

托福阅读文本：

Although only 1 person in 20 in the Colonial period lived in a city, the cities had a disproportionate influence on the development of North America. They were at the cutting edge of

social change. It was in the cities that the elements that can be associated with modern capitalism first appeared — the use of money and commercial paper in place of barter, open competition in place of social deference and hierarchy, with an attendant rise in social disorder, and the appearance of factories using coat or water power in place of independent craftspeople working with hand tools. ”The cities predicted the future,“ wrote historian Gary. B. Nash, ”even though they were but overgrown villages compared to the great urban centers of Europe, the Middle East and China.“

Except for Boston, whose population stabilized at about 16,000 in 1760, cities grew by exponential leaps through the eighteenth century. In the fifteen years prior to the outbreak of the War for independence in 1775, more than 200,000 immigrants arrived on North American shores.

This meant that a population the size of Boston was arriving every year, and most of it flowed into the port cities in the Northeast. Philadelphia's population nearly doubted in those years, reaching about 30,000 in 1774, New York grew at almost the same rate, reaching about 25,000 by 1775.

The quality of the hinterland dictated the pace of growth of the cities. The land surrounding Boston had always been poor farm country, and by the mid-eighteenth century it was virtually stripped of its timber. The available farmland was occupied, there was little in the region beyond the city to attract immigrants. New York and Philadelphia, by contrast, served a rich and fertile hinterland laced with navigable watercourses. Scots, Irish, and Germans landed in these cities and followed the rivers inland. The regions around the cities of New York and Philadelphia became the breadbaskets of North America, sending grain not only to other colonies but also to England and southern Europe, where crippling droughts in the late 1760's created a whole new market.

托福阅读题目：

1. Which of the following aspects of North America in the eighteenth century does the passage

mainly discuss?

(A) The effects of war on the growth of cities

(B) The growth and influence of cities

(D) The causes of immigration to cities

2. Why does the author say that ”the cities had a disproportionate influence on the development of

NorthAmerica“ (lines 1-2)?

(A) The influence of the cities was mostly negative

(B) The populations of the cities were small, but their influence was great.

(D) Most people pretended to live in cities

3. The phrase ”in place of “ in lines 4-5 is closest in meaning to

(A) connected to

(B) in addition to

(D) instead of

4. The word ”attendant“ in line 6 is closest in meaning to

(A) avoidable

(B) accompanying

(D) unexpected

5. Which of the following is mentioned as an element of modern capitalism?

(A) Open competition

(B) Social deference

(D) Independent craftspeople

6. It can be inferred that in comparison with North American cities, cities in Europe, the Middle

East, and China had

(A) large populations

(B) little independence

(D) few power sources

7. The phrase ”exponential leaps“ in line 12 is closest in meaning to

(A) long wars

(B) new laws

(D) exciting changes

8. The word ”it“ in line 15 refers to

(A) population

(B) size

(D)Year

9. How many immigrants arrived in NorthAmerica between 1760 and 1775?

(A)About 16,000

(B)About 25,000

(C)About 30,000

(D) More than 200,000

10. The word ”dictated“ in line 18 is closest in meaning to

(A) spoiled

(B) reduced

(D) divided

11. The word ”virtually“ in line 20 is closest in meaning to

(A) usually

(B) hardly

(D) almost completely

12. The region surrounding New York and Philadelphia is contrasted with the region surrounding

Boston in terms of

(A) quality of farmland

(B) origin of immigrants

(D) type of grain grown

13. Why does the author describe the regions around the cities of New York and Philadelphia as

”breadbaskets“?

(A) They produced grain especially for making bread.

(B) They stored large quantities of grain during periods of drought

(D) They consumed more grain than all the other regions of NorthAmerica.

托福阅读答案：

BBDBAACADC DAC

2020mba论说文真题xxx 第8篇

每天至少抽出2个小时的时间学习英语，这两个小时包含背诵的内容以及做题，建议大家做题在下午做，因为我们英语这一科在下午考，逐渐找到下午做题的感觉，即考试状态。做题的时候要掐着时间，比如阅读每篇文章控制在15-18分钟，作文45分钟，翻译30分钟，新题型15分钟，完型15分钟。进入12月份，每周要抽出一个下午做完整的一套试题，可以是真题也可以模拟题，严格按照考试的形式进行，以查缺补漏看看自己的薄弱环节在哪里。

2020mba论说文真题xxx 第9篇

12月英语六级阅读真题及答案

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Schools are not just a microcosm (缩影) of society; they mediate it too. The best seek to alleviate the external pressures on their pupils while equipping them better to understand and handle the world outside -- at once sheltering them and broadening their horizons. This is ambitious in any circumstances, and in a divided and unequal society the two ideals can clash outright(直接地).

Trips that many adults would consider the adventure of a lifetime -- treks in Bomeo, a sports tour to Barbados -- appear to have become almost routine at some state schools. Parents are being asked for thousands of pounds. Though schools cannot profit from these trips, the companies that arrange them do. Meanwhile, pupils arrive at school hungry because their families can't afford breakfast. The Child Poverty Action Group says nine out of 30 in every classroom fall below the poverty line. The discrepancy is startlingly apparent. Introducing a fundraising requirement for students does not help, as better-off children can tap up richer aunts and neighbours.

Probing the rock pools of a local beach or practising French on a language exchange can fire children's passions, boost their skills and open their eyes to life 's possibilities. Educational outings help bright but disadvantaged students to get better scores in A-level tests. In this globalised age, there is a good case for international travel, and some parents say they can manage the cost of a school trip abroad more easily than a family holiday. Even in the face of immense and mounting financial pressures, some schools have shown remarkable determination and ingenuity in ensuring that all their pupils are able to take up opportunities that may be truly life-changing. They should be applauded. Methods such as whole-school fundraising, with the proceeds(收益) pooled, can help to extend opportunities and fuel community spirit.

But 3,000 pounds trips cannot be justified when the average income for families with children is just over 30,000 pounds. Such initiatives close doors for many pupils. Some parents pull their children out of school because of expensive field trips. Even parents who can see that a trip is little more than a party or celebration may well feel guilt that their child is left behind.

The Department for Education 's guidance says schools can charge only for board and lodging if the trip is part of the syllabus, and that students receiving government aid are exempt from these costs. However, many schools seem to ignore the advice; and it does not cover the kind of glamorous, exotic trips, which are becoming increasingly common. Schools cannot be expected to bring together communities single-handed. But the least we should expect is that they do not foster divisions and exclude those who are already disadvantaged.

46. What does the author say best schools should do?

A) Prepare students to both challenge and change the divided unequal society.

B) Protect students from social pressures and enable them to face the world.

C) Motivate students to develop their physical as well as intellectual abilities.

D) Encourage students to be ambitious and help them to achieve their goals.

47. What does the author think about school field trips?

A) They enable students from different backgrounds to mix with each other.

B) They widen the gap between privileged and disadvantaged students.

C) They give the disadvantaged students a chance to see the world.

D) They only benefit students with rich relatives and neighbours.

48. What does the author suggest can help build community spirit?

A) Events aiming to improve community services.

B) Activities that help to fuel students' ingenuity.

C) Events that require mutual understanding,

D) Activities involving all students on campus.

49. What do we learn about low-income parents regarding school field trips?

A) They want their children to participate even though they don't see much benefit.

B) They don't want their kids to participate but find it hard to keep them from going.

C) They don't want their kids to miss any chance to broaden their horizons despite the cost.

D) They want their children to experience adventures but they don't want them to run risks.

50. What is the author's expectation of schools?

A) Bringing a community together with ingenuity.

B) Resolving the existing discrepancies in society.

C) Avoiding creating new gaps among students.

D) Giving poor students preferential treatment.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Rising temperatures and overfishing in the pristine(未受污染的) waters around the Antarctic could see king penguin populations pushed to the brink of extinction by the end of the century, according to a new study. The study's report states that as global warming transforms the environment in the world's last great wilderness, 70 percent of king penguins could either disappear or be forced to find new breeding grounds.

Co-author Celine Le Bohec, from the University of Strasbourg in France, warned: “If there're no actions aimed at halting or controlling global warming, and the pace of the current human-induced changes such as climate change and overfishing stays the same, the species may soon disappear.” The findings come amid growing concern over the future of the Antarctic. Earlier this month a separate study found that a combination of climate change and industrial fishing is threatening the krill(磷虾) population in Antarctic waters, with a potentially disastrous impact on whales, seals and penguins. But today's report is the starkest warming yet of the potentially devastating impact of climate change and human exploitation on the Antarctic's delicate ecosystems.

Le Bohec said: “Unless current greenhouse gas emissions drop, 70 percent of king penguins -- million breeding pairs -- will be forced to relocate their breeding grounds, or face extinction by 2100.” King penguins are the second-largest type of penguin and only breed on specific isolated islands in the Southern Ocean where there is no ice cover and easy access to the sea. As the ocean warms, a body of water called the Antarctic Polar Front -- an upward movement of nutrient-rich sea that supports a huge abundance of marine life -- is being pushed further south. This means that king penguins, which feed on fish and kill in this body of water, have to travel further to their feeding grounds, leaving their hungry chicks for longer. And as the distance between their breeding, grounds and their fool prows, entire colonies could be wiped out.

Le Bohec said: “The plight of the king penguin should serve as a warming about the future of the entire marine environment in the Antarctic. Penguins, like other seabirds and marine mammals, occupy higher levels in the food chain and they are what we call bio-indicators of their ecosystems.” Penguins are sensitive indicators of changes in marine ecosystems. As such, they are key species for understanding and predicting impacts of global change on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic marine ecosystems. The report found that although some king penguins may be able to relocate to new breeding grounds closer to their retreating food source, suitable new habitats would be scarce. Only a handful of islands in the Southern Ocean are suitable for sustaining large breeding colonies.

51. What will happen by 2100, according to a new study?

A) King penguins in the Antarctic will be on the verge of dying out.

B) Sea water will rise to a much higher level around the Antarctic.

C) The melting ice cover will destroy the great Antarctic wilderness.

D) The pristine waters around the Antarctic will disappear forever.

52. What do we learn from the findings of a separate study?

A) Shrinking krill population and rising temperatures could force Antarctic whales to migrate.

B) Human activities have accelerated climate change in the Antarctic region in recent years.

C) Industrial fishing and climate change could be fatal to certain Antarctic species.

D) Krill fishing in the Antarctic has worsened the pollution of the pristine waters.

53. What does the passage say about king penguins?

A) They will turn out to be the second-largest species of birds to become extinct.

B) Many of them will have to migrate to isolated islands in the Southern Ocean.

C) They feed primarily on only a few kinds of krill in the Antarctic Polar Front.

D) The majority of them may have to find new breeding grounds in the future.

54. What happens when sea levels rise in the Antarctic?

A) Many baby king penguins can't have food in time.

B) Many king penguins could no longer live on kill.

C) Whales will invade king penguins' breeding grounds.

D) Whales will have to travel long distances to find food.

55. What do we learn about the Southern Ocean?

A) The king penguins there are reluctant to leave for new breeding grounds.

B) Its conservation is key to the sustainable propagation of Antarctic species.

C) It is most likely to become the ultimate retreat for species like the king penguin.

D) Only a few of its islands can serve as luge breeding grounds for king penguins.

Passage one

Passage two

206月英语六级阅读真题及答案

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Effective Friday, Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists ( SAG-AFTRA) has declared a strike against 11 video game publishers over games that went into production after , . The companies include some of the heavyweights of the industry, like Electronic Arts Productions, Insomniac Games, Activision and Disney.

The strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing labor contract known as the Interactive Media Agreement expired in late . Overall, the strike is an effort to provide more secondary compensation along with other concerns, such as transparency upon hiring talent and on-set (制作中) safety precautions.

The video gaming industry has ballooned in recent years. The Los Angeles Times reports that the industry is in the midst of an intense increase in cash flow. In 2015, gaming produced $ billion in domestic revenue.

But SAG-AFTRA says voice actors don't receive residuals (追加酬金) for their gaming work. Instead, they receive a fixed rate, which is typically about $ 825 for a standard four-hour vocal session. So the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation- -a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads, or reaches 2 million subscribers, with a cap at 8 million.

“It's a very small number of games that would trigger this secondary compensation issue,” said voice actor Crispin Freeman, who's a member of the union's negotiating committee. “This is an important aspect of what it means to be a freelance (从事自由职业的) performer , who isn't regularly employed every single day working on projects.”

Another major complaint from the actors is the secrecy of the industry. “ I can't imagine if there's any other acting job in the world where you don't know what show you're in, when you're hired,” says voice actor Keythe Farley, who chairs the SAG-AFTRA negotiating committee.

“And yet that happens every day in the video game world,” Farley told reporters during a press conference Friday. “I was a main character in Fallout 4, a character by the name of Kellogg, and I never knew that I was doing vocal recording for that game throughout the year and a half.

Scott Witlin, the lawyer representing the video game companies, says voice actors ”represent less than one tenth of 1 percent of the work that goes into making a video game.“ So ”even though they're the top craftsmen in their field,“ Witlin says, ”if we pay them under a vastly different system than the people who do the percent of the work, that's going to create far more problems for the video game companies.“

46. Why did SAG-AFTRA declare a strike against some video game publishers?

A) The labor contract between them had been violated.

B) Its appeal to renegotiate the contract had been rejected.

C) It had been cheated repeatedly in the 19 months of talks.

D) The negotiations between them had broken down.

47. What do we learn from the passage about the video gaming industry?

A) It has reaped huge profits in recent years.

B) It has become more open and transparent.

C) It has attracted many famous voice actors.

D) It has invested a lot in its domestic market.

48. What are the voice actors demanding?

A) More regular employment.

B) A non-discriminatory contract.

C) Extra pay based on sales revenues.

D) A limit on the maximum work hours.

49. What does Keythe Farley say about voice actors?

A) They are kept in the dark about many details of their job.

B) They are discriminated against in the gaming industry.

C) They are not paid on a regular basis.

D) They are not employed full-time.

50. What is the argument of lawyer Scott Witlin?

A) Voice actors should have a pay raise if they prove to be top craftsmen.

B) Changing the pay system would cause the industry more problems.

C) Voice actors are mere craftsmen, not professional performers.

D) Paying voice actors on an hourly basis is in line with the law.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Officials at the White House announced a new space policy focused on managing the increasing number of satellites that companies and governments are launching into space. Space Policy Directive-3 lays out general guidelines for the United States to mitigate (缓解) the effects of space debris and track and manage traffic in space.

This policy sets the stage for the Department of Commerce to take over the management of traffic in space. The department will make sure that newly launched satellites don't use radio frequencies that would interfere with existing satellites, and schedule when such new satellites can be launched. This only applies to American space activities, but the hope is that it will help standardize a set of norms in the dawning commercial spaceflight industry throughout the world.

Space, especially the space directly around our planet, is getting more crowded as more governments and companies launch satellites. One impetus for the policy is that companies are already starting to build massive constellations (星座)，comprising hundreds or thousands of satellites with many moving parts among them. With so much stuff in space, and a limited area around our planet, the government wants to reduce the chances of a collision. Two or more satellites slamming into each other could create many more out-of-control bits that would pose even more hazards to the growing collection of satellites in space.

And it's not like this hasn't happened before. In an old Russian craft slammed into a communications satellite, creating a cloud of hundreds of pieces of debris and putting other hardware at risk. Journalist Sarah Scoles reports that NASA currently tracks about 24,000 objects in space, and in the Air Force had to issue 3 ,995 ,874 warnings to satellite owners alerting them to a potential nearby threat from another satellite or bit of debris.

That's why this new policy also includes directions to update the current U. S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices, which already require any entity that launches a satellite or spacecraft to vigorously analyze the likelihood that any of their actions , from an unexpected failure or normal operations, will create more space debris. It includes accounting for any piece of debris they plan to release over 5mm that might stay in orbit for 25 years or more. It might seem surprising to think about an item staying in space for that long, but the oldest satellite still in orbit- Vanguard 1- turned 60 in .

Agencies and companies throughout the world are working on developing technology that would dispose of or capture space debris before it causes serious damage. But for now, the U. S. government is more focused on preventing new debris from forming than taking the trash out of orbit.

51. What is the purpose of the new U. S. space policy?

A) To lay out general guidelines for space exploration.

B) To encourage companies to join in space programs.

C) To make the best use of satellites in space.

D) To improve traffic conditions in space.

52. What is the Department of Commerce expected to do under the new policy?

A) Reduce debris in space.

B) Monitor satellite operations.

C) Regulate the launching of new satellites.

D) Update satellite communications technology.

53. What does the U. S. government hope to do with the new space policy?

A) Set international standards for the space fight industry.

B) Monopolize space industry by developing a set of norms.

C) Facilitate commercial space flights throughout the world.

D) Promote international collaboration in space exploration.

54. What is a space vehicle launching entity required to do according to the current U. S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices?

A) Give an estimate of how long its debris will stay in space.

B) Account for the debris it has released into space at any time.

C) Provide a detailed plan for managing the space debris it creates.

D) Make a thorough analysis of any possible addition to space debris.

55. What are space agencies and companies aiming to do at present?

A) Recycle used space vehicles before they turn into debris.

B) Develop technology to address the space debris problem.

C) Limit the amount of debris entering space.

D) Cooperate closely to retrieve space debris.

Passage one

Passage two

2020mba论说文真题xxx 第10篇

我们知道，研究生入学考试分为初试和复试两个部分，其分数比例一般为7:3，而近年来，教育部日益提倡“把招生自主权还给高校”，各院校也越来越注重复试的权重，个别学校甚至将初复试的比重设定为1:1。除此之外，复试与初试一样，都具有一票否决权，初试的竞争固然艰苦，而复试的战场更为惨烈，面对复试中更为强悍的对手，我们应如何面对?征服导师则似乎成为一条捷径。多年的调查与研究已证明，导师在复试乃至整个研究生的学习和发展中都起到了极为关键的作用，故如何在复试中征服导师是我们现今应考虑并解决的关键。

考研复试的内容包括三大板块，即：英语能力测试、专业能力测试和综合面试。其中英语能力测试看似最简单最无价值，但每年仍有很多考生因复试中英语能力表现不佳而未能得到导师的青睐，最终无缘研究生。那么英语这门科目在导师心目中的地位如何?导师又关注考生在英语复试中的哪些表现呢?跨考教育复试辅导xxx老师从下面四大模块进行分析。

1. 对专业词汇的掌握程度

每个专业都有其相关词汇，多以英文形式出现，因为多数成熟的专业是从国外引进或国内外共同研究的，事实上，可以说我国所独有的专业数量完全不存在。词汇是构成句子的基础，是理解文章的核心，故而对这些词汇的掌握直接决定对该专业的理解。

此外，专业词汇往往较难且针对性强，很多词汇甚至连英语专业的老师和学生都不认识，这些词汇在日常生活或影视文化作品中的出现频率几乎为零，而且单词的组成往往较长，可以说记忆起来非常困难。而辩证地思考，我们可以设想掌握了这些词汇的考生，其英语能力一定不错，至少针对本专业，该同学的英语水平是足够的，而这也正是导师所关注的。

2. xxx文献的阅读能力

3. 英语写作能力

三年的研究生生活，核心便是论文。每个研究生在毕业前都会被要求写一到三篇高水平的专业论文，这些论文中都至少要有一个英文摘要或说明书，而优秀的论文往往要求全英，以便在国际期刊上发表，

4. 英语口语表达

相比于词汇认知度和英文读写能力，导师对同学的英语口语表达能力的关注能力偏低，但不是完全不关注。研究发现，很多著名院校和著名专业的导师对学生的外语表达能力是有希冀的，因为越是著名的研究，越会要求国内外研究者的通力合作共同研发，所以很多院校和专业的导师与国外相关领域专家学者交流的机会都很多，他们自己往往外语很好，那么他们对于学生的口语表达能力也就有了较高的要求，至少不能比自己差太多。此外，对于那些自身外语能力有限的导师而言，他们自己因为受到语言的局限，深知良好的英语口语表达的重要性，所以会希望自己的学生能够避除这个障碍，并且可以在将来的外文学术探讨中帮到自己，所以也会对学生的口语表达能力提出一定要求。可以说，英语口语表达能力虽非导师的硬性要求，但却是其心中所愿，故而在复试中同学应注意展示自己的相关特长。

综上所述，导师在考研复试英语中通常是从以上四个方面对考生进行测评的，换言之，这也就是我们每个考生在复试时应注意展现出来的素质，这样才会且就会赢得导师的青睐。相比初试，复试更加注重的是交际能力和知识的实际运用能力，所以在准备上和初试也有一定的差别。同时，复试在研究生录取中占有相当重的比例，所以同学们应该给予高度的重视和充分的准备。下面跨考考研复试辅导王鹏彦老师就针对考研复试的英语部分这个模块，给各位考生们一些参考建议，希望对同学们有所帮助。

因各位考生的学校不同，考研复试英语部分的内容也有很大差别。总体来说，复试英语包括口语、听力、翻译等内容。考生在考前最好是先确定一下考试的形式，是只有口试还是口试和听力都需要考查，多向研一、研二的师兄师姐咨询，做到知己知彼，准备充分。

首先，针对口语部分，口语面试的目的是考核考生们的语音、语调、流利度等能力。口语的考试通常以面试的形式出现，大家相对较陌生，容易心里没底而造成紧张，所以在考试之前更应该做好充分的准备。需要提醒大家的是，由于复试的英语口试每个学校都不尽相同，不像初试一样，有一套全国统一的试题，因此在考试之前，大家最好是找报考院校和专业的师兄师姐咨询一下考试的形式和内容，如：1)确定面试的考官是本专业的教授，还是其他的英语老师，这样做的目的是确定面试对象。如果是本专业的教授，则可以用一些专业的英语进行表达;如果是英语老师，则可能对专业的知识不太熟悉，因此需要用比较通俗的英语向其解释本专业的东西。如果是英语老师，则较可能提问一些非专业的问题，如自我介绍，介绍一下家乡，介绍一个喜爱的明星及原因等。2)考试的内容和形式。如，是一问一答的形式还是提前给一篇文章，让你就其中的某些内容进行作答。3)导师研究的方向和喜好。4)去年或历年问过的题目以及需要提前准备哪些内容。

就听力部分而言，相信大家相对比较熟悉，因为大部分同学都考过四、六级，对听力不陌生，在此需要提醒几点：1)正确选择听力材料。在非英语专业复试中，一般院校的英语听力难度不会超过六级;因此听力材料的难度应适中，难度太大会使考生丧失信心，失去兴趣，产生抵触心理和恐惧感;太过简单又容易盲目自信和乐观。如果手头没有现成的听力资料，六级真题的听力也是一个不错的选择。2)对于所选材料应精听。很多同学反映听力练习很长时间，也听了很多材料，但还是没有提高，在此于老师提醒大家对于听力的练习要更注重质量而非单纯的数量;对于每篇听力材料都要精听，不要只限于做听力的题目，应该做题的基础上多听几遍，直到能听写下来的程度，再进行下一篇材料的练习。3)练习听写。平时听录音材料时要有意识地将关键信息记录下来，这样既可以培养短期记忆的能力，又可以强制性地迫使自己全神贯注、积极思考。在听写时，应注意使用一些自己能识别的简单符号进行速记，借助于记录，使自己听得准确。听力的提高不是一朝一夕的事，需要大家平时多加积累和练习，同学们一定要在考前坚持练习，形成听力的环境和感觉，才能在考试时轻松应对。

复试其实是一种面对面的交流，导师们更加注重考生的整体感觉与印象。因此，大家一定要在复试前做足准备，包括知识上的准备于心理上的准备等方面。一定要非常自信地、勇敢地、不卑不亢地面对考察，回答面试官的问题。要给面试官展现一个自信的、独立的、有思维的一个面貌，让导师们相信在之后的读研过程能够顺利地完成研究生的各项任务。

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