高二语法知识点总结 第1篇
1.在there be/live/lie句型中用全部倒装:
2.在以there, here, now, then +be/come/go+主语的句子中用全部倒装:
注:如果主语是代词则不用倒装。
3.以off, away, out, in, up, down等副词开头的句子以示强调或为了使情景更生动,句子用全部倒装:
注:如果主语是代词则不用倒装。
4. only, not until所修饰的介词短语、副词或状语从句放在句首时,要部分倒装:
注:①主句倒装,从句不倒装。
②Only+主语置于句首时,不倒装。
5. never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, not, few, little, often, by no means, at no time等放在句首时,要部分倒装:
6.在no sooner…than; not only…but also; hardly/scarcely …when; 句型中,前面的句子要部分倒装:
注:not only…but also, neither…nor连接两个主语不倒装。
7.以so, neither, nor开头的句子,表相同概念的肯定或否定时,要全部倒装:
I have never been to Beijing. Nor has he.
She is a teacher, so am I.
…that句型中,把so/such修饰的那部分放在句首时,主句要部分倒装:
引导的让步状语从句,常把表语、状语置于主首,用倒装:
注:如果表语是单数可数名词,该词前一般不加冠词。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
10.省略if的虚拟条件句置于句首时,用倒装:
11. Such作表语放在句首时,表示强调,用倒装:
12. 为了保持句子平衡,或使上下文连接更紧,可把介词短语、形容词短语、副词或分词提到主语前,用全部倒装语序
高二语法知识点总结 第2篇
名词*从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词*从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。
(一)引导名词*从句的连接词
1、连接代词:who,whose,whom,what,xxxch。有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
2、连接副词:when,where,why,how。有词义,在从句中担任成分,作状语。
3、连接词:that,whether,if,asif。that无词义,在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略;if(whether),asif虽有词义,但在从句中不担任成分。
注意:连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句,因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分,连接词whether和if(是否),asif(好象)在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。根据句义,如果连接代词与连接副词,whether、if和asif都用不上时,才用that作连接词(that本身无任何含义)。
(二)主语从句
1、主语从句在复合句作主语。
2、用it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末。
3、that引导主语从句时,不能省略。
(三)表语从句
1、表语从句在复合句中作表语,位于系动词之后。
2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。
(that).
(四)宾语从句
1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。
(that).
2、介词之后的宾语从句,不可用xxxch或if连接,要分别用what或whether。
''vefinishedthework..
i''vesaid.
3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句,常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。
①宾语从句是否定句时,只用if,不用whether。
'train.
②用if会引起误解,就要用whether。
.(此句如果把whether改成if,容易当成条件句理解)
③宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用,就不能换成if;不直接连用,可换。
idon'tknowwhether/.
④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,还可引导让步状语从句,以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时,只能用if,而不能用whether。
theydon'.
(五)同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,一般位于该名词(如:news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise等)之后,说明该名词的具体内容。
高二语法知识点总结 第3篇
一、重点词汇
n.意图,意向.目的eg:.His good intentions were repaid hv good results. 他的善意得到了善报。
It wasn't my intent‘ion to fool you.我不想骗你。
相关链接:intend vt.打算用法拓展:intend to do/doing xxx.打算干……
intend that…should do打算…… intend do xxx.打算让某人干……
with the intention of doing xxx.打算干…… withoht intention无意地特别提醒:①intend后接从句时.多用虚拟语气即should+动词原形;②intend, do xxx.通常用在被动语态中;③intend的过去式表示“原打算……”。
案例剖析 旁征博引 举一反三
考题1 (典型例题分)This book, as a surprise for his sister·was lost in the mail.
n.不在,缺席;缺乏eg o
I soon noticed his absence from school.我很快便察觉到他缺课了。
After an absence of seven years,1 went home.外出7年后我返回了故乡。
相关链接:absent adj.缺席的;不在的用法拓展:be absent from不在.缺席 absence of mind心不在焉
during one's absence在某人外出期间 in one's absence—in
the absence of sb.某人不在时,某人外出时特别提醒:be absent ftom短语中用from。
考题2 (典型例题) He often asks his neighbour to look after his pet during his
A. lack B. absence C. leaving D. missing
考题2点拨:答案为B。此题考查during one's absenee这一结构。句意为;“他经常叫他的邻居在他外出时替他照顾宠物。”
adv.相隔.相距;除去;分开eg:New York and T6kyo are thou— sands of miles apart.纽约和东京相隔数千英里。
She lives apart from her family.她跟家人分开住。
Apart from a few faults,he is quite a good teacherxxx几个缺点外.他是个很好的老师。
用法拓展:aprt ftom除……之外tell…apart区分/分辨(两种事物),tear.一apart撕开.撕成块200 metres apart相距200米 fall apart土崩瓦解
考题3 (典型例题分)Do you have any difficulty the twin sisters?
A. to telling out B. telling out C. to tell apart D. telling apart
考题3点拨:答案为D。此题考查tell…apart”区分/分辨”.同时考查have some difficulty in doing xxx.“有困难xxx事”。句意为:“你分清这时双胞姐妹有困难吗?”
u,.推荐。介绍;劝告,建议eg: Can you recommend me a good lawyer? ‘你能推荐一位好律师给我吗? I recommend you to see her at once.我劝你马上去看她。
She recommended buying this dictionary.她建议买这本字典。
相关链接:recommendation n.推荐.推举
用法拓展:recommend .一recommend sb.向某人推荐某物 recommend xxx.向某人xxx事 recommend s1).to do xxx.劝某人xxx事(advise曲.to do xxx.) recommend doing xxx.建议干什么recommend that…建议……特捌提醒;recommend当“建议”讲后接从句时从句用should+动词原形.should可以省略。
考题4 (典型例题 分 ) How shall we go to that airport? Well. I recommend a taxi.
A. to take B. taking C. to taking D. take
考题4点拨;答案为B。此题考查recommend doing stK“建议xxx事”。句意为:“我们怎么去机场?~我建议坐出租车去。”
vt.贡献:捐献;投稿eg:
He didn't contibute anything to world peace. 他对世界和平毫无贡献。
A proper amount of exercise contributes to good health. 适度的运动有益于健康。
相关链接contribution xxx献用法拓展:contribute…to…向……捐款;对……有贡献contribute to…有助于……;向……投稿 make a contribution/contributions to…对……作出贡献
特别提醒:contribute…to…和make a contribution to…这两个短语中的to都是介词,后接名词或动名词作宾语。
考题5 (典型例题)Eating too much fat can heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
A. relate to B. contribute to C. attend toD. devote to
考题5点拨:答案为B。contribute to…意为“有助于,促成”。句意为:“吃太多_的脂肪会引起心脏病并且会造成高.~-/K。”
二、重点短语
up征召(服役);回忆起;调动(力量、人员等);打电话eg:
The old photograph called up memories of his ehildhood.
那张老照片唤起了他对童年时代的回忆。
He was called up right at the beginning of the war.
他是在战争一开始的时候被征召入伍的。
用法拓展call for需求,需要;(去)接caU on sb.拜访某人;号召
cau at some place拜访某地caU in请求收回;召来call back回电话特别提醒teall up中的up是副词,代词作宾语时必须放在中间。
高二语法知识点总结 第4篇
用现在进行时表示将来
意为:“意图”、“打算”、“安排”、xxx人。常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。 I'm leaving tomorrow.
Are you staying here till next week?
比较过去时与现在完成时
1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 不确定的时间状语
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 举例:
I saw this film yesterday.
(强调看的动作发生过了。)
I have seen this film.
(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)
Why did you get up so early?
(强调起床的动作已发生过了。)
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
(强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争。)
She has returned from Paris.
她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
since的四种用法
1) since +过去一个时间点 (如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。 I have been here since _.
2) since +一段时间+ ago
I have been here since five months ago.
3) since +从句
Great changes have taken place since you left.
Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.
4) It is +一段时间+ since从句
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.
延续动词与瞬间动词
1) 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历; 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。 He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)
I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)
2) 用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句,表示“做……直到……” 瞬间动词用于否定句,表示“到……,才……” He didn't come back until ten o'clock.
他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock.
他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。再次,several times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时。
'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时。
用一般过去时代替完成时
1) 两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。
When she saw the mouse,she screamed.
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.
2 ) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。 When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3) 叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
不用进行时的动词
1) 事实状态的动词
have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue
I have two brothers.
This house belongs to my sister.
2) 心理状态的动词
Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate
I need your help.
He loves her very much.
3 ) 瞬间动词
accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.
I accept your advice.
4) 系动词
seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn
You seem a little tired.
虚拟语气1) 概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。
2) 在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。
真实条件句
真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中 if 是如果的意思。
时态关系
句型: 条件从句 主句
一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形
If he comes, he will bring his violin.
典型例题
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained
答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。
注意:
1) 在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will.
(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2) 表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
非真实条件句
1)时态:可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。
a. 同现在事实相反的假设。
句型 : 条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should( would) +动词原形
If they were here, they would help you.
b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。
句型: 条件从句 主句
过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去分词
If she had worked harder, she would have rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.
含义:He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress. 含义: He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.
c. 表示对将来的假想
句型: 条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should+ 动词原形
were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形
should+ 动词原形
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
混合条件句
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)
If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).
虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略,再把were, should或had 移到从句句首,实行倒装。
Were they here now, they could help us.
=If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him
=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.
=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.
注意:
在虚拟语气的从句中,动词'be'的过去时态一律用“were”,不用was, 即在从句中be用were代替。
If I were you, I would go to look for him.
如果我是你,就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right.如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。
典型例题
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I
答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.
特殊的虚拟语气词:should
1) It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形, should 可省略。
句型:
(1)suggested
It is (2)important that…+ (should) do
(3) a pity
(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted; + (should) do
(2)important, necessary, natural, strange
a pity, a shame, no wonder
(3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.
2)在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。
order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.
注意: 如suggest, insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事时”,即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时,宾语从句用陈述语气。
The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.
判断改错:
(错) You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.
(对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
(错) I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.
(对) I insisted that you were wrong.
3)在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用
在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。
My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.
I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
比较if only与only if
only if表示“只有”;if only则表示“如果……就好了”。If only也可用于陈述语气。
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。
If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了,就好了。
If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of xxxch互换), 例如: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of xxxch) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)xxxch, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity xxxch / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(xxxch / that在句中作宾语)
The package (xxxch / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(xxxch / that在句中作宾语)
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ xxxch”结构,因此常常和“介词+ xxxch”结构交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on xxxch) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in xxxch) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for xxxch) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ xxxch”引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in xxxch) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in xxxch) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
方法一:用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。)
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (xxxch) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (xxxch) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on xxxch D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on xxxch D. the one
答案:例1 D,例2 A
例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on xxxch都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + xxxch 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, xxxch, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。
限制性和非限制性定语从句
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如:
This is the house xxxch we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性) The house, xxxch we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. xxx史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
My house, xxxch I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, xxxch I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, xxxch greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, xxxch is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
由as, xxxch 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和xxxch可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首,xxxch在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, xxxch is very important to us.
典型例题
1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. xxxch D. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句,不能用 that修饰,而用xxxch.,it 和he 都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. xxxch C. that D. it
答案B。xxxch可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. xxxch C. as D. it
答案B.
as 和xxxch在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点:
(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而xxxch不可。
(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用xxxch.。
在本题中,prevent由于是行为动词,所以正确选项应为B。
As 的用法
例1. the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语;例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式。
高二语法知识点总结 第5篇
A. 知识要点
名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单、复数之分。
1.不可数名词只用单数形式。如果要表示数量多少,需在其前面加量词来表达。如:a piece of news(一条新闻);two pieces of advice(两条建议)
2.名词所有格的构成是名词加“’s”,如:Mary’s room;如原词已有复数词尾-s,则只加“’”,如:the students’ hall, 通xxx有生命的存在物的名词;名词所有格也可以由介词of加名词构成,通xxx无生命的存在物的名词, 如:the window of the classroom.
B.例题讲解
What a beautiful house! Especially there are many ______.
A. furniture B. furnitures C. pieces of furniture D. pieces of furnitures
解析:此题考查名词的单复数。Furniture 为不可数名词,后面不能加s。很多家具用many pieces of furniture,因此答案为C。
高二语法知识点总结 第6篇
In Germany, __a__ successful project, xxxch roughly translates as “adopt a grandparent”, has been running with a great success.
解析:句意为:在德国,一个名为“领养祖父母”的项目已成功运行。project为单数可数名词,此处意为“一个成功的项目”,表泛指。故填不定冠词a。
Mom, why can't I have __a__ new bike?
—Dear, you know, money doesn't grow on trees.
解析:句意为:——妈妈,我为什么不能要一辆新自行车?——亲爱的,你要知道,赚钱可不是件容易的事。bike为单数可数名词,是首次提到,此处表泛指,故用不定冠词a。
The__ wish always remains unrealistic that you can come first in the final exam when you make no efforts at all.
解析:句意为:你不付出任何努力而想在期末考试中得第一名的愿望是不现实的。wish后有that引导的同位语从句修饰,表特指,故填定冠词The。
Your son is in great danger and he needs __an__ immediate operation xxxch costs 48,000 yuan.
解析:句意为:你的儿子很危险,他需要紧急手术,费用为48,000元。operation为单数可数名词,且immediate为元音音素开头,故填不定冠词an。
高二语法知识点总结 第7篇
非谓语动词中的易错点
非谓语与其逻辑主语(即动作的执行者或承受者)之间有三种关系,如为主谓关系,则用现在分词或不定式的主动式;如为被动关系则用过去分词、现在分词的被动(强调动作正在进行)或不定式的被动式(动作将进行);如既无主动也无被动关系则只能用状语从句或独立主格结构(即非谓语加上自己的逻辑主语)
Judging/considering/genrally?speaking/supposing?指说话者的动作,故只用主动式。如:?
Having?been?ill?in?bed?for?nearly?a?month?,?he?had?a?hard?time?passing?the?exam.?
解析:从这个句子可以看出,句词的逻辑主语与句子的主语he一致,并且是主谓关系,所以用了现在的分词作状语,同时,分词的动作明显地发生在句子的谓语动词动作之前,故采用了现代分词的完成式。
In?order?to?improve?English?,?________.?
A.?Jenny’s?father?bought?her?a?lot?of?tapes.?
B.?Jenny’s?father?bought?a?lot?of?tapes?for?herself.?
C.?A?lot?of?tapes?were?bought?by?Jenny.?
D.?A?lot?of?tapes?were?bought?by?Jenny?father.?
解析:根据不定式短语我们可以推知,句子的逻辑主语应该是人而不是物,所以,应该排除CD,再就是应该是Jenny提高自己的英语,而不是她爸爸,故答案先B.?
———,we?decided?to?go?out?for?a?walk.?
A.?It?is?fine?B.?It?fine?
C.?Being?fine?
解析:主句主语we与动词短语be?fine之间既无主动关系与无被动关系,所以要加上自己的逻辑主语It,由于不存在主、被动关系,故不能选C项,而应该选D?项。?
————more?attention,?the?trees?could?have?grown?better.?A.?Given?
解析:give与主句的主语之间是被动关系,故选A.如为主动关系则选C.?
高二语法知识点总结 第8篇
Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法
以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法:通常省略了it is,that is,there is/are。
Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法
关系词的省略 关系代词that,xxxch,whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时,可以省略;in xxxch或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。
Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略
1、当条件状语从句中有were,had,should等时省略if,把它们提至句首,形成倒装句。
2、Suggest,insist,order,require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的名词性从句中,谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略
1、感官动词see,hear,feel,watch等和使役动词have,make,let等后接不定式作宾语时,不定式省略to。
2、在特定语境中为了避免重复,当不定式再次出现时,在want,wish,hope,try,plan,like,love,hate后往往只保留to,而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be,have时,也保留be和have。
Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略
用于避免重复前面所说过的内容,替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think,I’m afraid等连用
1.在there be/live/lie句型中用全部倒装:
2.在以there, here, now, then +be/come/go+主语的句子中用全部倒装:
注:如果主语是代词则不用倒装。
3.以off, away, out, in, up, down等副词开头的句子以示强调或为了使情景更生动,句子用全部倒装:
注:如果主语是代词则不用倒装。
4. only, not until所修饰的介词短语、副词或状语从句放在句首时,要部分倒装:
注:①主句倒装,从句不倒装。
②Only+主语置于句首时,不倒装。
5. never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, not, few, little, often, by no means, at no time等放在句首时,要部分倒装:
6.在no sooner…than; not only…but also; hardly/scarcely …when; 句型中,前面的句子要部分倒装:
注:not only…but also, neither…nor连接两个主语不倒装。
7.以so, neither, nor开头的句子,表相同概念的肯定或否定时,要全部倒装:
I have never been to Beijing. Nor has he.
She is a teacher, so am I.
…that句型中,把so/such修饰的那部分放在句首时,主句要部分倒装:
引导的让步状语从句,常把表语、状语置于主首,用倒装:
注:如果表语是单数可数名词,该词前一般不加冠词。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
10.省略if的虚拟条件句置于句首时,用倒装:
11. Such作表语放在句首时,表示强调,用倒装:
12. 为了保持句子平衡,或使上下文连接更紧,可把介词短语、形容词短语、副词或分词提到主语前,用全部倒装语序:
过去分词与现在分词
一、现在分词和过去分词的构成(形式)
现在分词的构成
主动语态 被动语态
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
过去分词的构成:done
二、过去分词的用法
过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作,只有一种形式。
过去分词用法如下:
1.作定语 和现在分词作定语的用法相同。作定语用的过去分词如果是单词,一般放在名词的前面;如果是过去分词短语,要放在名词的后面。
2.作表语
3.作宾语补足语
4.作状语
三、现在分词的用法
1. 作定语 作定语用的分词如果是单词,一般放在名词的前面。如果是分词短语,一般放在名词的后面,它的功用相当于定语从句。
2. 作表语
3. 作宾语补足语 分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语。可带这种复合宾语的动词有:see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep等。
注1:上述句子也可以变为被动式。如:Steam can be seen rising from the wet clothes.
注2:复合宾语中用现在分词和用不定式意义稍有不同。不定式表示动作发生了,指事物的全过程;分词则表示动作正在进行。
Fortune often rewards with interest those that have patience to wait for her. 这是一句英文谚语意思是只要有耐心,总会走好运。
意见反馈
高二语法知识点总结 第9篇
(UNIT1)现在完成时的重点和难点
一、现在完成时的_完成用法_和_未完成用法_
1.现在完成时的_完成用法_
现在完成时的_完成用法_指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系。例如:H.他已把灯关了。
(动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)
现在完成时_完成用法_的特点是动作不延续,因此,该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如:already,yet,before,recently等)、频度时间状语(如:never,ever,once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如:thismorning/month/year...,today等)连用。
例如:H?你已找到你的钢笔了吗?
2.现在完成时的_未完成用法_
现在完成时的_未完成用法_指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。
例如:H.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)
I.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。)
此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如:uptonow,sofar到目前为止)等。
例如:I.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
注意:(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续*动词,不可用于终止*动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如:e,go,arrive,leave,join,bee,die等。
(2)现在完成时常见两种句型:
①主语+have/hasbeen+for短语
②Itis+一段时间+since从句
例如:HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.或ILeague.他入团已三年了。
3、延续*动词和终止*动词的概念
英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续*动词和终止*动词。
延续*动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如:learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。
终止*动词也称非延续*动词、瞬间动词或短暂*动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如open,close,finish,begin,e,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,move,borrow,buy等。
4、延续*动词的用法特征
1.延续*动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示_段时间_的状语连用。表示_段时间_的短语有:fortwoyears,,sincelastyear,howlong等。如:IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIcamehere.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。
2.延续*动词不能与表示短暂时间的_点时间_状语连用。如:I.(误)rain为延续*动词,而ateight表示_点时间_,前后显然矛盾。如果用延续*动词表示一瞬间的动作,可以借助e,begin,get等终止*动词来表示。上句可改为:I.(正)又如:
-WhendidyougettoknowJack?-Twoyearsago.
-Thenyou''sright.
5、终止*动词的用法特征
1.终止*动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:
Thetrainhasarrived.火车到了。
H?你加入电脑小组了吗?
2.终止*动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如:
(1)他死了三年了。误:H.
正:H.正:Hediedthreeyearsago.
高二语法知识点总结 第10篇
古今异义
①于是秦人拱手而取西河之外(于是,在这种情况下;西河:黄河以西。)
②于是xxx之士,有宁越、xxx、xxx、杜赫之属为之谋;(在这时)
③山东xxx遂并起(山东:崤山以东,即东方诸国。今指山东省。)三、一词多义
1.固
①据崤函之固(险固,坚固,特指地势险要,城xxx,形容词用作名词)
②君臣固守以窥周室(牢固,顽强,形容词)
③然后践华为城,因河为池,据亿丈之城,临不测之渊,以为固(固守的据点,屏障,名词)
2.因
①因遗策(沿袭,动词)
②因利乘便(趁着,介词)
③因河为池(凭借,依据,介词)
3.亡
①秦无亡矢遗镞之费(丢失,损失,动词)
②追亡逐北(逃亡,动词;此用作名词,指逃亡的军队)
③吞二周而亡诸侯(灭亡,动词;这里是使动用法,使……灭亡)
4.制
①吴起……xxx伦制其兵(统率,动词)
②秦有余力而制其弊(制服,动词)
③履而制六合(统治、控制,动词)
5.兵
①……xxx伦制其兵/行军用兵之道(军队,名词)
②收天下之兵/信臣信精卒xxx而谁何/斩木为兵(兵器,名词)
6.策
①蒙故业,因遗策(策略、计策,名词)
②振长策而御宇内(马鞭子,名词)
7.致
①以致天下之士(招引、招纳,动词)
②致万乘之势(达到、获得,动词)
8.之
①不爱珍器重宝肥饶之地(的,结构助词)
②……xxx伦制其兵(这,指示代词)
③商君佐之(他,指xxx,代词)
④聚之咸阳(代“天下之兵”,代词)
9.及
①非及向时之士(比得上,动词)
②及至xxx(到,等到,介词)
10.北
①乃使蒙恬非筑长城而守藩篱(在北方,方位名词作状语)
②追亡逐北(败北的军队,动词作名词)
11.度
①内立法度(制度,名词)
②试使山东之国与陈涉度长絜大(量长短)
高二语法知识点总结 第11篇
向光性实验发现:感受光刺激的部位在胚芽鞘尖端,而向光弯曲的部位在尖端下面的一段。
生长素对植物生长的影响往往具有两重性。这与生长素的浓度高低和植物器官的种类等有关。一般来说,低浓度促进生长,高浓度抑制生长。
在没有受粉的番茄(黄瓜、辣椒等)雌蕊柱头上涂上一定浓度的生长素溶液可获得无子果实。
植物的生长发育过程,不是受单一激素的调节,而是由多种激素相互协调、共同调节的。
下丘脑是机体调节内分泌活动的`枢纽。
相关激素间具有协同作用和拮抗作用。
神经系统调节动物体各种活动的基本方式是反射。反射活动的结构基础是反射弧。
神经元受到刺激后能够产生兴奋并传导兴奋;兴奋在神经元与神经元之间是通过突触来传递的,神经元之间兴奋的传递只能是单方向的。
在中枢神经系统中,调节人和高等动物生理活动的高级中枢是大脑皮层。
动物建立后天性行为的主要方式是条件反射。
判断和推理是动物后天性行为发展的级形式,是大脑皮层的功能活动,也是通过学习获得的。
动物行为中,激素调节与神经调节是相互协调作用的,但神经调节仍处于主导的地位。
动物行为是在神经系统、内分泌系统和运动器官共同协调下形成的。
高二语法知识点总结 第12篇
1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数。(最基本的)
2、由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
但并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。
3、由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, no修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
4、主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with ,as well as ,together with ,along with,like 等引导的介词短语时 ,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
注意:主语和谓语之间插入了分词短语,谓语要与主语保持一致。
5、一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。
6、集体名词family, class, team, group 等看作整体时,谓语动词用单数;看作每一个成员时,谓语动词用复数。
7、 当表示国家,城市,人名,书名,报纸,杂志,及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时,作为整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
The New York Times is reading all over the United States . 《纽约时报》
8、 news ,maths,physics ,politics等词貌似复数,实为单数,其谓语动词用单数.
9、“the +形容词”(如the poor ,the rich ,the young, the old , the dead ,the sick,the brave 等)作主语,谓语动词往往用复数
10、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。
11、由连词not……but……, or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致。(这个就是就近原则)
12、There be句型、以here开头的句子谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
13、a number of后面加复数名词或代词,其动词用复数形式;但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时,其谓语用单数。
14、在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , xxxch , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。
注意:在“one of +复数名词+ who/that/xxxch”引导的定语从句中,从句谓语的单复数取决 xxxe前是否有the (only)、the very。如果有,从句的谓语动词用单数,如没有the only, 就用复数形式。
高二语法知识点总结 第13篇
decided to build a small tool room with a lock, __where__ he would keep his best tools so my brother couldn't reach them.
解析:句意为:父亲决定建一个带锁的小工具室,把他的工具放到里面,这样我弟弟就不会拿到它们了。设空处引导定语从句;修饰先行词a small tool room,并在从句中作地点状语,故用where引导该定语从句。
, such important reform policies associated with the interests of the general public were introduced in China __as__ almost each person could benefit from in life.
解析:句意为:在,关系到公众利益的重要的改革政策被引进到中国,几乎每一个人都能从中受益。先行词policies前有such修饰,且引导词作介词from的宾语,因此用as引导。
expect you to become someone of __whom__ we'll feel very proud in the future.
解析:句意为:我们希望你将来能成为我们会为之骄傲的人。feel proud of意为“为……感到自豪”,引导词置于介词of后作宾语,且先行词为someone,指人,故填whom。
movie Pompeii came out this February, __xxxch__ many people think brings a touching love story to the audience.
解析:句意为:《庞贝末日》在今年二月上映,许多人认为它为观众带来了一个令人感动的爱情故事。逗号后为非限制性定语从句,先行词为the movie Pompeii,many people think为插入语,引导词在从句中作主语,故填xxxch。
__who__ upgrades their professional knowledge to a new level can apply for these courses.
解析:句意为:任何将专业知识更新到一个新水平的人都可以申请这些课程。设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词anyone,且在定语从句中作主语,一般不用that,故用who引导。
he waved his hand in the direction from __xxxch__ the woman had called.
解析:句意为:接着他向传来喊叫声的那位女士的方向挥手。设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词direction,且在从句中作介词from的宾语,故填xxxch。
高二语法知识点总结 第14篇
一、不定式做主语:
1、不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。动名词doing表示习惯的,经常的动作。
Toseeistobelieve.(对等)
注:1).不定式作主语时,谓语用单数
2).当主语较长,谓语较短时,常用it做形式主语,而将不定式放到谓语的后面。
it做形式主语,不定式放在谓语动词之后xxx下列结构中:
(1)Itis/was+adj.+…
(2)Itis+adj.+forsb.+todo…
Itiseasy/difficult/hard/foolish/unwise/right/wrong/unnecessary
(3)itis+a+名词+todo...
Itisapity/apleasure/apleasantthing/one’sduty/anhonor/ashame/acrime/noeasyjob…todo
Ittakes(sb.)sometime/courage/patience…todo…
Itrequirescourage/patience/hardwork…todo…
注意:probable和possible均可作表语,但possible可以用不定式作真实主语,而probable不能用不定式作真实主语。
I.(错)
Itispossible/.
高二英语考试必考语法知识点总结5篇分享