初一英语知识总结 第1篇

如 boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes,

三1以辅音字母加 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 再加 es 如baby-babies,2以元音字母加 y 结尾的直接加 s。如day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四以 o 结尾加 s外来词。如radios, photos, 但如是辅音加 o 的加 es如: tomatoes 西红柿, potatoes 马铃薯 五以 f 或 fe 结尾的变 f 为 v 再加 es(s)。如knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六单复数相同不变的有fish, sheep, deer 鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七一般只有复数没有单数的有people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八 单词形式不变 既可以是单数也可以是复数的有 police 警察局 警察, class班同学, family 家家庭成员 九 合成的复数一般只加主要名词 多数为后一个单词。

如 action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由 man 或 woman 所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十有的单复数意思不同。如fish 鱼 fishes 鱼的种类, paper 纸 papers 报纸卷子论文, work 工作 works 作品工厂, glass 玻璃 glasses 玻璃杯眼镜, orange 桔子水 oranges 橙子, light 光线 lights 灯, people 人 peoples民族, time 时间 times 时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡 十一 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加 s 或’s。如Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加 s。如IDs, VCDs, SARs

十二 特殊形式的有child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B名词的格 当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下 一单数在后面加’s。如brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二 复数以 s 结尾的直接在 s 后加’ 如果不是以 s 结尾的与单数一样处理。

如Teachers’ Day 教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day 六一节, Women’s Day三八节 三 由 and 并列的名词所有时 如果是共同所有同一人或物时 只加最后一个’s但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如Mike and Ben’s room 迈克和本的房间共住一间Mike’s and Ben’s rooms 迈克和本的房间各自的房间

2、代词 项目

人称代词 物主代词

指示代词

反身代词 人称

主格

形容词

名词性 第一人称 单数 I

me

my mine

myself

复数 we

our ours

ourselves 第二人称 单数 you

you

your yours

yourself

复数 you

you

your yours

yourselves 第三人称 单数 she

her

her hers

herself

him

his his

himself

it

its its this that

itself

they

them their theirs these those themselves 3、动词 A 第三人称单数 当动词是第三人称单数时动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加 s如下

一一般在词后加 s。如comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二在 x, sh, ch, s, tch 后加 es。如watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三1以辅音字母加 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 再加 es。如study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2以元音字母加 y 结尾的直接加 s。如plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四以 o 结尾加 es。如does, goes 五特殊的有are-is, have-has B 现在分词 当我们说某人正在做什么事时动词要使用分词形式不能用原形构成如下

一一般在后加 ing。如spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二以不发音 e 的结尾的去掉 e 再加 ing。如dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字母注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing要双写最后的辅音字母再加 ing。如put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四 以 ie 结尾的变 ie 为 y 再加 ing。

如 tie-tying 系 die-dying 死 lie-lying 位于 4、形容词的级 我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下 一 一般在词后加 er 或 est(如果是以 e 结尾则直接加 r 或 st)。如greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest 二以重读闭音节结尾且 1 个元音字母1 个辅音字母(字母组合除外如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加 er /est。

如 big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest

三 以辅音字母y 结尾的变 y 为 i 加 er/est。如happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四特殊情况(两好多坏一少老远) good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest 5、数词 (基变序有规则一、二、三自己背五、八、九、十二其它后接 thy 结尾变为 i, eth 跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth 二、初一英语语法——句式 1.陈述句 肯定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be 动词) b) He looks very young. (连系动词) c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词) d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词) e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be 结构) 否定陈述句 a) These aren’t their books. b) They don’t look nice. c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can’t find her doll. e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.)

2. 祈使句 肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let’s learn English! c) Come in, please. 否定祈使句 a) Don’t be late. b) Don’t hurry. 3. 疑问句 1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad? d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading? 肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is. 否定回答: a) No, he isn’t. b) No, you can’t. c) No, she doesn’t. d) No, they don’t. e) No, she isn’t. 2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small. 3) 特殊疑问句 ① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve. ② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. ③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine. ④ 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K. How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@.

⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club? ⑥ 问时间 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten .. What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock. When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00. ⑦ 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table. ⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue. What’s your favourite color? It’s black. ⑨ 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister. Who is the boy in blue? My brother. Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma. Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? ⑩ 问东西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case. What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers. 11 问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen. What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben. What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith. 12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.

13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f. 14 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars. 15 问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349. 16 问谓语(动作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV. 17 问职业(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher. What’s your father? He’s a doctor. 三、初一英语语法——时态 1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时它有

Be 动词She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker. 情态动词I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano. 行为动词They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes. Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch. 2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态结构为 sb be v-ing sth + 其它. I’m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball. Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.

They’re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music. 四、初一英语语法——介词用法 1)

具体时间前介词用 at。

He gets up at half past seven every day. 他每天七点半起床。

She goes to bed at eleven o’clock. 她十一点睡觉。

2) 表示“在早上在下午在晚上”的短语中用介词 in且定冠词 the 不能省略表示“在中午在夜里”的短语中介词用 at不加冠词。

in the morning 在早上in the afternoon 在下午in the evening 在晚上 at noon 在中午at night 在夜里 3) 表示“在某天”、“在某天的上午、下午等”的短语用介词 on。

What do you usually do on Monday morning? 星期一上午你通常做什么 Do you sometimes go out to eat on Friday evening? 有时你星期五晚上出去吃饭吗 He watches DVDs on Saturday night. 星期六晚上他看 DVD。

Parents take children to parks on June 1. 六月一日家长们带着孩子去公园。

4)在 this, last, next, every 等词前面既不加介词也不用冠词。

What are you doing this afternoon? 今天下午你做什么 He visits his grandma every Friday. 他每个星期五都去看望祖母。

She is going to Shanghai next Monday. 她下个星期一去上海。

初一英语知识总结 第2篇

名词的数

名词分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：

一) 直接在后面加s

如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas

二) x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。

如：boxes, glasses, dresses(连衣裙), watches,

wishes([wiʃ]希望、祝福), faxes(传真)

三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es

如：baby-babies, family-families,

duty-duties ['dju:ti责任、职务], comedy-comedies ['kɔmidi喜剧],

documentary-documentaries [,dɔkju'mentəri纪录片n、记录的v], story-stories

2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s

如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys(玩具), key-keys,

ways(方法、道路)

四)1)以o结尾加s(外来词)

如：radios, photos,

2)是辅音加o的加es：

如: tomatoes 西红柿, potatoes 马铃薯

五)以f 或fe 结尾的变f 为v 再加es(s)。

如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves,

shelf-shelves [ʃ elf 架子、搁板], leaf-leaves(叶子),

yourself-yourselves

初一英语知识总结 第3篇

1. Morning 指从早晨到中午12点以前的这段时间。

Evening 指晚上，通常为xxx入睡之间，即晚上6点到12点。

Night 指夜里，通常为夜晚或夜里就寝前的一小段时间，即9点以后。

Good morning! 早上好! Good afternoon! 下午好! Good night! 晚上好

2. How are you? 你好吗?

用于熟人之间的问候语，只是一种礼貌的问候方式，用来询问对方的身体状况。回答用‖I’m fine , thanks.‖ How do you do ? 你好吗?

用于第一次见面的两个人，互相问候时应用How do you do ?回答也用How do you do ?

----How do you do ? ----How do you do ?

3. Thank you! 谢谢你!当别人帮助，关心，问候，祝福我们时，应用Thank you ;当得到对方的称赞，夸奖时也用Thank you.

是指示代词，可单独使用，指离说话人较近的人或物。

That 指离说话人较远的人或物。

为不定冠词 常见用法： ①表示数量―一‖ a pen 一支钢笔 an apple 一个苹果 注：an 用于元音前,元音包括5个：(A E I O U ) ②泛指某人或某物，不是具体说明 A girl is over there. 一个女孩在那边。 ③在叙述时第一次提到某人或某物 She is a teacher. 她是一个老师。

it , please. 请拼写它。 请求对方拼写某一词语的句型还有： ① How do you spell it? 你怎么拼写它? 回答可以直接写出：P-E-N. ② Can you spell it, please? 由can引导的一般疑问句，应先用Yes或 No进行肯定或否定回答后，才能拼写。 Can you spell it please? Yes, I can. P-E-N. 请问你能拼写它吗? 是的，我能