考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第1篇

Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET(10 points)

Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of ) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.

Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. 47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.

This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. 48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.

Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire ) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.

Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. 50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.

46. 这也是为什么当我们试图用语言来描述音乐时，我们只能明确表达我们对于音乐的感受，而不能完全理解音乐本身。

47. 人们普遍认为，他(贝多芬)是个思想自由、充满勇气的人，我发现勇气这一品质，是理解他作品的关键，更不必说是演出其作品的关键。

48. 贝多芬习惯最大限度来逐渐增高音量，然后突然跟上轻柔的乐段，在他之前，作曲家很少使用这种方式。

49) 尤为重要的是贝多芬对于自由的看法，他认为，这种自由是与个人的权利和责任联系起来的：他倡导思想自由和个人言论自由。

50.我们可以这样解释贝多芬的大部分作品：苦难是不可避免的，但是与痛苦抗争的勇气使得生命值得继续。

考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第2篇

48 write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should

1)interpret the chart and

2)give your comments

Emerging from the bar-chart above is a popular phenomenon that the proportion of the students having par-time jobs has changed during the four years’ study. The proportion increases slightly from the first year to the third year, however, the fourth year has witnessed a fast increase, surging to .

As they are about to enter into the society, more people think that concurrent post after school benefits greater than disadvantage, cast aside making money to no comment. The bar-chart above serves to remind us that qualifications are something essential if you want to find a good job after you leave school, but on the other hand, college students can get some working experience which is as valuable as their academic achievement.

Anyway, in my point of view, it is difficult to judge whether taking part time jobs is good or bad. It depends on how you deal with the relationship between working and learning. If you can balance it well, you are sure to get enough knowledge as well as experience, so as to get ready for your future success.

考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第3篇

Company

As depicted in the first half of the cartoon， a loving mother held the hand of a little girl thirty years ago. While in the second half， the little girl， who has become an adult， holds her aged mother tightly three decades later. The combination of the two does indicate the connotation of the word “company”。

It cannot be denied that parents contribute their countless vigor and energy in the cultivation of their children. Every progress of children is immersed with their parents‘ dedication and efforts. As time passes， children become robust grown-ups， while parents get weak and feeble. And this is the very moment for them to change their positions， namely， the former should put their heart and soul to care for the latter. This care not only belongs to the fulfillment of responsibilities， but also functions as the most precious rewards for the latter.

As far as I am concerned， once parents and children can identify their responsibilities in different phases of life and keep in good company with each other， a more harmonious society will be just around the corner.

点评：本篇考研英语一大作文题材涉及亲情的话题，养老问题也是当今的社会热点话题之一，该类相关话题在前几年的真题中也曾经出现过。表述观点方面则要格外注意，需使用高级词汇以及句型并注意词汇的同义转换，才能拿到高分。第一部分，首先简明扼要地概括图片的两个部分；作文的第二部分则是重点阐明图片的深层内涵；第三部分可以进行总结或是展望。

考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第4篇

Part B

48. Directions:

Directions:

Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should

1) interpret the chart, and

2) give your comments.

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

As the bar graph indicates, both city and rural area witnessed a distinguished phenomenon in population fluctuation. Indeed, population in city increased at a breakneck speed and surpassed that of rural area during the period from 1990 to while population in rural region slightly decreased down to a scale which was close to that of city.

What accounts for this disparity? The answer involves two factors. The first contributing factor is the substantially fast developing steps of cities in China. No one can deny that since Chinese economic reform from 1980s which mostly benefits people in city. The second reason is that Chinese farmers enjoy the harvest from new policies that are established to benefit farmers. People in rural areas are allowed to migrate for work and residence by the law and an increasing number of farmers choose to work in city and become migrant workers just because they would make much more money than ever before in city. All these are the result of urbanization.

Based on the analyses above, we can safely draw the conclusion that the process of urbanization will continue in the years ahead, and every single Chinese benefits from the fast development of China.

考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第5篇

Directions:

In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should

1) Interpret the chart and

2) Give your comments

Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

参考范文：

The column chart on mobile-phone subscriptions above shows a striking contrast between those developing countries and developed countries in the past decade. Since , people in growing numbers in developing countries use mobile phone, while those in developed countries far lag behind. By , there are 4 billion mobile-phone users in developing countries, which is 3 times more than that in developed countries.

Two reasons may contribute to the contrast above. On the one hand, with the rapid increase in economy of developing countries, the telecommunication industry there surges to meet the demand of globalization. Therefore, mobile phone users grows at an incredible speed. On the other hand, developed countries had reached a state of prosperity in economy, and created less rooms for further developments in mobile subscriptions. Maybe that is the reason why the number mobile phone users in the developed countries keep even over the last decade.

To sum up, mobile phone is convenient for interpersonal communications, and gradually become the indispensable tools in people's life. When enjoying the convenience of cell phones, we should also keep an eye on the negative effects itmight bring to our environment. Only in this way can people in developing countries see a sustainable grow in telecommunications.

Directions:

You have just come back from the . as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write a letter to your American colleague to

1) Express your thanks for his/her warm reception;

2) Welcome him/her to visit China in due course。

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead。

Do not write your address. (10 points)

参考范文：

Dear Jack:

I would like to convey my heartfelt thanks to you for your warm reception when I participated in the exchange program in your country.

Your generous help made it possible for me to have a very pleasant stay and a chance to know American culture better. Besides, I think it is a great honor for me to make friends with you and I will cherish the goodwill you showed to me wherever I go. I do hope that you can visit China someday, so that I could have the opportunity to repay your kindness and refresh our friendship.

I feel obliged to thank you again.

Sincerely Yours,

Zhang Wei

考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第6篇

Dear John，

I will study in your university and share an apartment with you. So I am writing to tell you my living habits and consult your suggestions of living there.

Generally speaking， I am an early bird， never burning the midnight oil. Besides， I enjoy a quiet environment， and I‘m afraid you may have to use an earphone when listening to the music. What’s more， I frankly hope that you could tell me the campus life there and then we may make agreements on our living habits later， which I‘m sure will benefit our following days.

I‘m looking forward to your reply.

Yours sincerely，

Xxx

点评：本篇考研英语二小作文是写邮件，邮件是当今最常用的交流方式之一，考生也最为熟悉。但邮件需特别注意格式以及落款，这在评分中也是一大考量因素。第一段简要说明写邮件的缘由，第二段重点阐明具体事项，第三段表示希望收件人回函，结尾注意落款的正确表达。

考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第7篇

Directions:

Write a short essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should

1) interpret the chart and

2) give your comments.

You should write at least 150 words.

Write your essay on ANWER SHEET 2.(15 points)

审题谋篇：

本题要求为两点，第一点提纲应写成第一段图表描述，无需发表太多议论，就图论图进行描述即可。第二段可以进行原因列举，最好从国产汽车销量上升、日系下降的具体原因着手分析。一方面，由于国产轿车科技进步、价格促销，从而销量大涨;另一方面，由于日系轿车深陷丑闻、行业欺诈，从而优势殆尽。

第三段可进行归纳结论或提出建议措施，针对国产轿车品牌如何保持并继续扩大市场份额，进行具体的评论或总结。

Direction: Suppose your cousin, Liming, has just been admitted to a university, write him/her a letter to

1) congratulate him/her, and

2) give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.

Your should write about 100 words on ANSER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.

Do not write the address. (10 points)

参考范文

Dear Li Ming,

Congratulations on your admittance to the University you have dreamed about! I’m absolutely delighted to learn that you have just been admitted to Stanford University. I know there was fierce competition this year but your diligence and perseverance definitely paid off.

I’d like to offer you several proposals on how to prepare for your university life. Above all, I do recommend you to take advantage of the library in your university by reading books beside the normal curriculum. In addition, I believe that you may spare your free-time for three main activities: building your body, expanding your knowledge, and communicating with friends and family.

I wish you further success in future and hope you will invite me to your graduation ceremony four years later.

Yours faithfully,

Zhang Wei

范文分析：

本文首先书信格式完整、正确。段落安排合理，层次清楚，内容连贯，使用了Above all, In addition 等引导文章开展，符合英文书信写作套路。第一段开门见山，向朋友提出祝贺，以及祝贺的理由。第二段从课外学习和生活两个角度对大学生活提出建议。最后，祝贺对方在未来阶段获得更大的成就。另外，本文语言自然流畅，句式和用词都相对丰富多样。因为是给同辈亲戚写信，因此文中适当使用了祈使句和缩写。符合私人信函的语域。很好的完成了写作任务。

考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第8篇

英语(二)真题

PART B

Directions:

Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should

1)interpret the chart, and

2)give your comments.

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

【参考范文】

This pie chart clearly illustrates the purposes of students’ touring in a certain university. As is reflected by the diagram, 37 percent of college students travel in a bid to appreciating the scenery, next comes the aim of relieving pressure, accounting for 33% percent. By contrast, the percentage of students travelling aiming at others, making friends and cultivating independence account for 15%, 9% and 6% respectively.

Several primary factors could contribute to this phenomenon. In the first place, travel can offer us a wide range of experiences. In travelling, we may join tourists marveling at the incredible power of Niagara Falls, mingle with the happy throngs strolling in the Paris boulevards and experience the bitterness and joy of people on different lands and in different times. In the second place, college students, who have to juggle academic work, romantic relationships and a busy social calendar, are particularly susceptible to pressure. By touring, they can successfully manage and reduce stress.

Taking all these factors into consideration, we may predict that with the quickening pace of campus life and ever-increasing pressure, the number of university students touring will keep growing in the forthcoming decade.

这个饼图清楚地说明了在某大学学生旅游的目的。反映在图中,37%的大学生旅游,欣赏风景,接下来的目标是缓解压力,占33%。相比之下,学生的百分比旅行针对别人,交朋友和培养独立占15%,分别为9%和6%。

几个主要因素可能导致这种现象。首先,旅游可以给我们提供一个广泛的经验。在旅行中,我们会加入游客惊叹在尼亚加拉大瀑布的'难以置信的力量,与快乐的人群漫步在巴黎林荫大道和体验痛苦和快乐的人在不同的土地和在不同的时间。第二,大学生,必须兼顾学术工作,爱情和繁忙的社交日历,特别容易受到压力。通过旅游,他们能成功地管理和减轻压力。

考虑到所有这些因素,我们可以预测,与校园生活节奏的加快和不断增加的压力,大学生旅游的数量将继续增长在即将到来的十年。

考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第9篇

write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should

1)interpret the chart and

2)give your comments

Emerging from the bar-chart above is a popular phenomenon that the proportion of the students having par-time jobs has changed during the four years’ study. The proportion increases slightly from the first year to the third year, however, the fourth year has witnessed a fast increase, surging to .

As they are about to enter into the society, more people think that concurrent post after school benefits greater than disadvantage, cast aside making money to no comment. The bar-chart above serves to remind us that qualifications are something essential if you want to find a good job after you leave school, but on the other hand, college students can get some working experience which is as valuable as their academic achievement.

Anyway, in my point of view, it is difficult to judge whether taking part time jobs is good or bad. It depends on how you deal with the relationship between working and learning. If you can balance it well, you are sure to get enough knowledge as well as experience, so as to get ready for your future success.

考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第10篇

考研英语 如何利用英语历年真题

考研英语大纲出来后，基本上和去年没有实质性的变化，从历年的考研英语真题研究我们发现，在词汇和语法两个部分任然是重点，语法不在作为单独的考察项目出现，而是更加贴近我们的生活实际，阅读量的不断增大和翻译篇幅的加长上我们可以看出这点，然后在考研的冲刺阶段如何利用好历年的真题，作为考研多年的辅导专家我给大家一下几点建议：

第一、利用真题巩固词汇

词汇就是地基，虽然在基础阶段我们已经花费很多时间来记忆，但是记忆是会被时间遗忘的，所以要反复刺激我们的大脑重复记忆，然后我们也没有更多的时间拿着词汇书一个一个的过了，这个时候我们利用真题记忆词汇是最佳选择，因为真题中有历年我们常考词汇，再做题的时候我们不妨把一些我们不是掌握很好的词单独的写下来，并且将它的意思和后缀等还有所在语言环境中得应用，这样慢慢积累了我们就有自己的小小词汇册。每天只需要抽出几分钟的时候巩固一下这个小本即可。我在给学员的学习计划中很重视这一点的培养，效果比我们拿着厚厚的词汇重复记忆效率很高。

第二、考研真题中找语法的`影子

在历年考题的研究中我们会发现，我们以往所学过的任何语法项目都能在考研的真题当中找到影子，这是必然的，因为我们的知识结构就是这样的，很多同学不是很在意语法的复习认为只要词汇量到了就能读懂句子把题做对，其实不然，凭借语感做题只能解决我们短时间的达到做题的效果，这种方法其实只是治标不治本，最佳的解决方案是，拿出一本真题书，将自己所遇到的语法项目找出来，各个攻破，这才是绝招。

第三、深入分析句子、段落

真题中句子里面蕴含的意思，需要对其进行深入分析，包括它所涉及的语法项目和考点，将它和文章真题练习起来它在文章中起到什么作用，是不是主题句，单独拆分开我是不是能理解它的作用和意义，我能不能将其流畅的翻译出来，这个很关键，经常翻阅真的同学们可能会发现，一个句子的结构类型在文中出现的比例非常高，甚至每段都有重复，这就是他的关联性，倘若一个句子理解了，你能不能给你的同学或者朋友讲解，如果能顺利表达你的意思并能让对方理解那你就是成功的，至少你能说出一二三四五来，如此重复，定能达到“炉火纯青”你的英语学习也会有了质的飞跃。了解文章段落的结构模式，是总分总、还是总分结构，逻辑思维的培养有助于我们了解文章的特点和文章类型，分析的久了你会发现这其中的规律非常明显，一看文章你就知道这篇文章的类型时，你就明白了，考研其实不是那么难。

考研并不是人身中最重要的事情，它只是我们普通的一次考试而已，所以大家不用想的那么难，至少我感觉比起高考来说简单多了，只要坚持到最后都是胜利者，越是冲刺阶段越要调整好心态，最后希望大家2012考研金榜题名!

考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第11篇

考研英语历年真题高频词组

the cost of 以……为代价

charge （of） 负责，主管

3.（a） round the clock 昼夜不停地

common 共用，共有，共同

conclusion 最后，总之

condition that 在……条件下

confidence 信任

connection with/to 关于

consequence 因此，结果

consequence of 由于……的缘故

the contrary 反之，正相反

contrast with/to 与……成对照

of control 失去控制

control 被控制住

all costs 不惜任何代价

考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第12篇

考研英语真题答案及详细解析

Section I Use of English

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that __1_ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by _2_ factors. But Dr Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big _3_ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. _4_, he theorised that a judge _5_ of appearing too soft _6_crime might be more likely to send someone to prison __7_he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.

To __8__this idea, they turned their attention to the university-admissions process. In theory, the ____9___ of an applicant should not depend on the few others___10____ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was____11____.

He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews _12_ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had _13_ applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale _14_ numerous factors into consideration. The scores were _15_ used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the GMAT, a standardised exam which is _16_out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.

Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was points or more higher than that of the one _17__ that, then the score for the next applicant would_18_ by an average of points. This might sound small, but to_19_the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been _20__.

1. A grants B submits C transmits D dilivers

2. A minor B external C crucial D objective

3. A issue B vision C picture D moment

4. A Above all B On average C In principle D For example

5. A fond B fearful C capable D thoughtless

6. A in B for C to D on

7. A if B until C though D unless

8. A. test

9.

10.

11.

12. A. inspired B. expressed C. conducted D. secured

13. A. assigned B. rated C. matched D. arranged

14. A. put B. got C. took D. gave

15. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather

16. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced

17. A below B after C above D before

18. A jump B float C fluctuate D drop

19. A achieve B undo C maintain D disregard

20. A necessary B possible C promising D helpful

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions: Read the following fourtexts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

In the film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.

This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.

The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $ knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.

Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.

Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.

Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.

21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her

[A] poor bargaining skill.

[B] insensitivity to fashion.

[C] obsession with high fashion.

[D] lack of imagination.

22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to

[A] combat unnecessary waste.

[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.

[C] resist the influence of advertisements.

[D] shop for their garments more frequently.

23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, ) is closest in meaning to

[A] accusation.

[B] enthusiasm.

[C] indifference.

[D] tolerance.

24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?

[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.

[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.

[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.

[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.

25. What is the subject of the text?

[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.

[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.

[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.

[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.

Text 2

An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.

In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?

In December America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track ”(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.

On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.

It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.

Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, M

Microsoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:“we believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?

26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:

[A] ease competition among themselves

[B] lower their operational costs

[C] avoid complaints from consumers

[D] provide better online services

27. “The industry” (Line 6,) refers to:

[A] online advertisers

[B] e-commerce conductors

[C] digital information analysis

[D] internet browser developers

28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default

[A] many cut the number of junk ads

[B] fails to affect the ad industry

[C] will not benefit consumers

[D] goes against human nature

29. which of the following is ture according to

[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose

[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT

[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers

[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads

30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:

[A] indulgence

[B] understanding

[C] appreciaction

[D] skepticism

Text 3

Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.

Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.

But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”

So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence .

Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.

But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.

This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.

31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by

[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment

[B] our faith in science and technology

[C] our awareness of potential risks

[D] our belief in equal opportunity

32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are

[A] a sustained species

[B] a threaten to the environment

[C] the world’s dominant power

[D] a misplaced race

33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?

[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.

[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.

[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.

[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.

34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to

[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources

[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world

[C] draw on our experience from the past

[D] curb our ambition to reshape history

35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] Uncertainty about Our Future

[B] Evolution of the Human Species

[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind

[D] Science, Technology and Humanity

Text 4

On a five to three vote,the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona's immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the federal government and the states.

An States,the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enfour federal immigrations Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Anturalization” and that federal laws precede state laws are had attempted to fashion state police that ran to the existing federal ones.

Justice Anthony Kennedy,joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court's liberals,ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun .On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field ” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal's privileged powers

However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law ’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.

Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.

The 8-0 objection to President Obama tures on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued tha Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.

Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government,and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status,it never did administration was in essence asserting that because it didn't want to carry out Congress's immigration wishes,no state should be allowed to do so Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.

36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they

[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.

[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.

[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.

[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.

37. On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4?

[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.

[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.

[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.

[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.

38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts

[A] violated the Constitution.

[B] undermined the states’ interests.

[C] supported the federal statute.

[D] stood in favor of the states.

39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement

[A] outweighs that held by the states.

[B] is dependent on the states’ support.

[C] is established by federal statutes.

[D] rarely goes against state laws.

40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?

[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.

[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.

[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.

[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.

Part B

Directions:

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)

The social sciences are of ,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since .

Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security,sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.

(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction .

Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact.

Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since ,(43)____

When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local:Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.

The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.

The trick is to direct these funds European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social year,it was proposed that system be changed:Horizon ,a new program to be enacted in ,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social the intention is not to neglect social science ; rather ,the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.

[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social

scientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly

specialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishing

elsewhere,such as policy briefs.

[B] However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the

100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these

Keywords.

[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.

[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.

[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.

[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development .

[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.

Part C

Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.

One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.

Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.

46. yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.

47. A sacred place of peace, however, crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelt which is a distinctly animal need.

48. The gardens of the homeless which are in efffect homeless garden introduce from in to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such

49 . Mast of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic

50. It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.

Section III Writing

Part A

Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college,inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.

You should include the details you think necessary.

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the “Li Ming”instead.

Do not write the address.(10 points)

Part B

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing .In your essay,you should

1) describe the drawing briefly.

2) interpret its intended meaning ,and

3) give your comments.

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)

英语答案

(grants)

2. B(external)

3. C(picture)

4. D(for example)

5. B(fearful)

6. D(on)

7. A(if)

8. A(test)

9. D(success)

(chosen)

(otherwise)

(conducted)

(rated)

(took)

(then)

(marked)

(before)

(drop)

(undo)

(necessary)

Text 1

21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her

[B] insensitivity to fashion.

22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to

[D] shop for their garments more frequently.

23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, ) is closest in meaning to

[A] accusation.

24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph

[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing

25. What is the subject of the text

[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.

Text 2

26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:

[B] lower their operational costs

27. “The industry” (Line 6,) refers to:

[A] online advertisers

28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default

[C] will not benefit consumers

29. which of the following is ture according to

[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose

30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:

[D] skepticism

Text3

31·[B] our faith in science and technology

32·[A] a sustained species

33·[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive

34·[C] draw onour experience from the past

35·[C] TheEver-bright Prospects of Mankind

Text 4

36. [C]overstepped the authority of federal immigration law

37. [C]States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.

38. [D]stood in favor of the states

39. [A] outweighs that held by the states

40. [B]Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.

41.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior .all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.

42.[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development .

43.[B] However, the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.

44.[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.

45.[C] the idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy;and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.

46. 然而,令人震惊的是,当人们看到又无家可归者建造的花园照片时,由于风格的多样性,所有这些花园显示了超越了装饰与创造性表现的其它各种各样的基本诉求.

47.尽管可能有点简陋,但这一神圣和平之地明显象征着人类需求,就好比外壳明显象征着动物需求.

48. 那些无家可归者的花园实际上是“无家可归”的家园,同花园被引入了城市,在那儿,它们之前即不存在也未曾像这样可以被辨识.

49 . 我们中的大部分人屈服于道德败坏,在某些心理状态下我们通常归咎于道德败坏,直到有一天我们发现自己身处花园,压迫感奇迹般地消失了.

50. 尽管在某种被解放的意义上,但正是这种含蓄或明显的对大自然的引用认可了使用“花园”一词来描述这些被合成的建筑。

51.

Dear Mr. Smith,

As a member of the Students’ Union, I am writing this letter to request whether you could serve as a judge in the English speech contest to be held in our university next Saturday.

This contest aims at improving the students’ communicative and practical ability in English, the details of which are as follows. To begin with, the participants are mainly the seniors who will step into the society three months later. In addition, the theme is concerning the utmost significance of future choice after graduation.

It is my sincere hope that you can present yourself in this extracurricular activity. I am looking forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

52. 参考范文：

The set of cartoon given above dramatically features a scene of college graduates choosing their future destination. When stepping out of the ivory tower, the would-be graduates will confront with multiple choices, such as hunting a job, taking part in National Entrance Examination for MS/MA. What is conveyed in the picture carries a far-reaching implication for both us and our society.

The drawing is designed to remind us of the crucial importance of the distinctive goal in future development, which is a practical issue confronting every would-be graduate. On the one hand, for a real road, if stepping on a wrong way, one can return to the original point, but life is a one-way journey: one cannot start it all over again. Different choices in life may make great differences. On the other hand, to some extent, future is a combination of choices and efforts. Some people even believe that one’s success depends more on how intelligently he chooses than on how diligently he works. With a wrong direction the farther we go, the farther we are away from our dream.

Therefore, positive mental guidance must be popularized among the public, especially the young to help them keep a clear mind and make wise choices in the life journey. Besides, every youngster should be educated to realize his position and the reality and choose his life goal in a down-to-earth manner. Only with a right direction and destination can all the efforts make towards our dream pay off.

考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第13篇

Growing urban population and declining rural population

From the graph， we can see that the urban population was growing and the rural population was declining from 1990 to . The number of the urban population rose from 300 million in 1990 to about 460 million in ， and to about 685 million in 2010， while the rural population decreased from about 820 million in 1990 to 800 million in 2000 and to about 690 million in 2010. It's obvious that in the past two decades， the urban area witnessed a steady growth， but in the latter decade， the rural population had a remarkable decline.

There are two reasons for this phenomenon. On one hand， the economic boom led to the regular improvement of people‘s living standard， and further resulted in a steady growing urban population. On the other hand， from 2000， the countryside urbanization oriented by the government gave rise to a conspicuously declining rural population.

In conclusion， based on the above analysis， the urban population will be growing， while the rural population will continue to drop in the future.

点评：本次考研英语二大作文是图表作文，这也是历年大作文的典型题目之一。针对图表作文，我们一般采用三段式来谋篇布局， 第一段概述图表的信息，指出变化的趋势和不同，第二段分析造成这一趋势以及变化不同的`原因，第三段则根据以上分析展望未来的变化。在写作过程中注意衔接词的使用以及同义词的搭配使用，使文章更加出彩。

考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第14篇

全国硕士研究生考试英语二真题

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.

Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.

While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.

Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.

Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.

1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured

2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome

3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore

4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example

5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern

6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of

7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies

8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part

9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward

10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless

11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste

12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay

13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant

14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency

15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored

16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated

17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only

18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded

19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies

20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] without

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.

These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.

This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most “happiness bang for your buck.” It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.

Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.

21. According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?

[A]A big house

[B]A special tour

[C]A stylish car

[D]A rich meal

22. The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is

[A]critical

[B]supportive

[C]sympathetic

[D]ambiguous

23. Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that

[A]consumers are sometimes irrational

[B]popularity usually comes after quality

[C]marketing tricks are after effective

[D]rarity generally increases pleasure

24. According to the last paragraph,Happy Money

[A]has left much room for readers’criticism

[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase

[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us

[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement

25. This text mainly discusses how to

[A]balance feeling good and spending money

[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries

[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent

[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuries

Text 2

An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.

We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.

Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photogragh of themselves’ from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image- which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that, those who self-enhance the must (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem. “I don’t think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”, says Epley. “It’s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves’. If you are depressed, you won’t be self-enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley ‘s study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-on one level, they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves, Facebook therefore ,is a self-enhancer’s paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty, intellect and lifestyle it’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest,says catalina toma of Wiscon—Madison university ,”but they portray an idealized version of themselves.

26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that ______.

[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high

[B] illusory superiority is baseless effect

[C] our need for leadership is unnatural

[D] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective

27. Visual recognition is believed to be people’s______

[A] rapid watching

[B] conscious choice

[C] intuitive response

[D] automatic self-defence

28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to______

[A] underestimate their insecurities

[B] believe in their attractiveness

[C] cover up their depressions

[D] oversimplify their illusions

word “Viscerally”(Line 2,) is closest in meaning to_____.

[A]instinctively

[B]occasionally

[C]particularly

[D]aggressively

30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer’s paradise because people can _____.

[A]present their dishonest profiles

[B]define their traditional life styles

[C]share their intellectual pursuits

[D]withhold their unflattering sides

考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第15篇

阅读理解部分：

1. effortless adj.容易的, 不费力气的

2. handicap n.障碍, 阻碍, 障碍赛跑 v.妨碍, 使不利, 阻碍

3. a driving force 动力

4. a glowing period 增长时期，发展时期

5. unparalleled adj.无比的, 无双的, 空前的

6. scale n.刻度,衡量,比例,数值范围,比例尺,天平,等级

vt.依比例决定,攀登,测量

7. inevitable adj.不可避免的, 必然的

8. predominance n.优势

9. at a loss 困惑

10. fading n.褪色,枯萎,衰退

11. textile n.纺织品 adj.纺织的

12. sweep into 涌入

13. on the rope (爬山者)用绳相互系在一起

14. semiconductor n.[物] 半导体

15. at the heart of 关键

16. casualty n.伤亡

17. prosperity n.繁荣

18. sensational adj.使人感动的, 非常好的

19. look back on 回忆

20. struggling adj.奋斗的, 努力的, 苦斗的

21. devalued 减值的, 贬值的

22. yield to 屈服, 让步

23. on a diet 吃规定的饮食

24. quick-witted 机智

25. executive adj.实行的, 执行的, 行政的 n.执行者, 经理主管人员

26. think tank n.智囊团

27. drop to 下降到，跌到

28. maturity n.成热, 完备, (票据)到期, 成熟

29. universal adj.普遍的, 全体的, 通用的, 宇宙的, 世界的

30. mortality n.死亡率

31. excess n.过度, 剩于, 无节制, 超过, 超额 adj.过度的, 额外的

32. crucial adj.至关紧要的

33. depend on 依赖，依靠

34. kilogram n.[物]千克, 公斤

35. variation n.变更, 变化, 变异, 变种, [音]变奏, 变调

36. due to adv.由于, 应归于

37. suicide n.自杀, 自毁, 给自己带来伤害或损失的行为

38 . fertile adj.肥沃的, 富饶的, 能繁殖的

39. religious adj.信奉宗教的, 虔诚的, 宗教上的, 修道的，严格的 n.僧侣, 尼姑, 修道士

40. offspring n.(单复数同形)儿女, 子孙, 后代, 产物

41. take advantage of 利用

42. diminish v.(使)减少, (使)变小

43. tribal adj.部落的, 种族的

44. mediocrity n.平常,平庸之才

45. biological adj.生物学的

46. utopia n.乌托邦, 理想的完美境界, 空想的社会改良计划

47. physical adj.身体的, 物质的, 自然的, 物理的 n.体格检查

48. transform vt.转换, 改变, 改造, 使...变形 vi.改变, 转化, 变换

n.[数]变换(式), [语]转换

49 . ignorant of 不懂, 不知道

50. organic adj.器官的, 有机的, 组织的, 建制的

51. beyond prep.在(到)...较远的一边, 超过, 那一边 adv.在远处 n.远处

52. comprehension n.理解, 包含

53. descendant n.子孙, 后裔, 后代

54. find out v.找出, 发现, 查明(真相等), 认识到, 想出, 揭发

55. advocate n.提倡者, 鼓吹者vt.提倡, 鼓吹

56. aim at v.瞄准, 针对

57. farfetched adj.牵强的

58. be regarded as 视为

59. with regard to adv.关于

60. case n.事, 病例, 案例, 情形, 场合, 讼案, 容器, (语法)格

61. literature n.文学(作品), 文艺, 著作, 文献

62. in brief 简单扼要地

63. consequently adv.从而, 因此

64. undergo vt.经历, 遭受, 忍受

65. require vt.需要, 要求, 命令

66. pour out v.诉说, 倾吐

67. unhampered adj.无妨碍的，无阻碍的

考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第16篇

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.

A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 , today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.

But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.

These days, because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel 18 ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”―perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.

1.[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring

【答案】[C] warning

2.[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty

【答案】[A] inequality

3.[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction

【答案】[D] prediction

4.[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured

【答案】[A] characterized

5.[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom

【答案】[B] meaning

6.[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless

【答案】[B] Indeed

7.[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated

【答案】[C] working

8.[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute

【答案】[A] explanation

9.[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among

【答案】[D] among

10.[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside

【答案】[C] worry about

11.[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically

【答案】[C] necessarily

12.[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles

【答案】[B] downsides

13.[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course

【答案】[A] absence

14.[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield

【答案】[D] yield

15.[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship

【答案】[C] virtue

16.[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce

【答案】[D] scarce

17.[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats

【答案】[A] demands

18.[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved

【答案】[B] tired

19.[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into

【答案】[D] into

20.[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal

【答案】[B] professional

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.

Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run―up to ―but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers.

Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.

Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots”, concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods―making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.

21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has .

[A] gained great popularity

[B] created many jobs

[C] strengthened community ties

[D] become an official festival

【答案】[A] gained great popularity

22. The author believes that London’s Olympic“legacy” has failed to .

[A] boost population growth

[B] promote sport participation

[C] improve the city’s image

[D] increase sport hours in schools

【答案】[B] promote sport participation

23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it .

[A] aims at discovering talents

[B] focuses on mass competition

[C] does not emphasize elitism

[D] does not attract first-timers

【答案】[C] does not emphasize elitism

24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should .

[A] organize “grassroots” sports events

[B] supervise local sports associations

[C] increase funds for sports clubs

[D] invest in public sports facilities

【答案】[D] invest in public sports facilities

25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is .

[A] tolerant

[B] critical

[C] uncertain

[D] sympathetic

【答案】[B] critical

Text 2

With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. ”

Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.

Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive―as they often are when absorbed in a device―it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “Parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.

On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it―particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.

26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.

[A] simplify routine matters

[B] absorb user attention

[C] better interpersonal relations

[D] increase work efficiency

【答案】[B] absorb user attention

27. Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______.

[A] takes away babies’ appetite

[B] distracts children’s attention

[C] slows down babies’ verbal development

[D] reduces mother-child communication

【答案】[D] reduces mother-child communication

28. Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.

[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions

[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange

[C] children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood

[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs

【答案】[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs

29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.

[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies

[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year

[C] ensure constant interaction with their children

[D] remain concerned about kid’s use of screens

【答案】[C] ensure constant interaction with their children

30. According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.

[A] give their parents some free time

[B] make their parents more creative

[C] help them with their homework

[D] help them become more attentive

【答案】[A] give their parents some free time

Text 3

Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.

But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits―in fact, it probably enhances it.

Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes―all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.

If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.

31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that .

[A] they think it academically misleading

[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college

[C] it feels strange to do differently from others

[D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses

【答案】[C] it feels strange to do differently from others

32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps .

[A] keep students from being unrealistic

[B] lower risks in choosing careers

[C] ease freshmen’s financial burdens

[D] relieve freshmen of pressures

【答案】[D] relieve freshmen of pressures

33. The word “acclimation” (Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to .

[A] adaptation

考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第17篇

考研英语二真题

Section 1 Use of English

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work, too.

Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research , firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future.

The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested. So they compared . cities’ average happiness__6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.

__7__enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest C like size, industry, and sales C and for indicators that a place was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things.

The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors__13__to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness was spread seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.

__17__ this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.

1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when

2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion

3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary

4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism

5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change

6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed

7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often

8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered

9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize

10.[A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods

11.[A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable

12.[A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke

13.[A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare

14.[A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced

15.[A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never

16.[A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally

17.[A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since

18.[A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes

19.[A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share 20.[A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send out

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.

However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it’s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers ― but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.

Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.

The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.

The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails” language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn ― how to think logically through a problem and

organize the results ― apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.

Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers ― in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes ― for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want ― the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that ― the better.

21. Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to____.

A. complete future job training

B. remodel the way of thinking

C. formulate logical hypotheses

D. perfect artwork production

22. In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their____.

A. experience

B. academic backgrounds

C. career prospects

D. interest

23. Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will____.

A. help students learn other computer languages

B. have to be upgraded when new technologies come

C. need improving when students look for jobs

D. enable students to make big quick money

24. According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to____.

A. compete with a future army of programmers

B. stay longer in the information technology industry

C. become better prepared for the digitalized world

D. bring forth innovative computer technologies

25. The word “coax” (Line4, ) is closest in meaning to____.

A. challenge

B. persuade

C. frighten

D. misguide

Text 2

Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands―once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’ historic range.

The crash was a major reason the Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the“threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.

Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range―wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states” remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species，” Ashe said.

Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly, doesn’t go far enough “The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger.

26. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____

[A]its drastically decreased population

[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage

[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists

[D]the insistence of private landowners

“threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____

[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure

[B]would involve fewer agencies in action

[C]granted less federal regulatory power

[D]went against conservation policies

can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____

[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation

[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat

[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job

[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations

to Ashe， the leading role in managing the species in______

[A]the federal government

[B]the wildlife agencies

[C]the landowners

[D]the states

Lininger would most likely support_______

[A]industry groups

[B]the win-win rhetoric

[C]environmental groups

[D]the plan under challenge

Text 3

That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully： There’s never any time to read.

What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient. The web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read: “Give up TV” or “Carry a book with you at all times” But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn’t work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, “is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption”. Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.

In fact, “becoming more efficient” is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. “The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes)as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them”. No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.

So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us “step outside time’s flow” into “soul time”. You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. “Carry a book with you at all times” can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you’re “making time to read,” but just reading, and making time for everything else.

31. The usual time-management techniques don’t work because?????

[A] what they can offer does not ease the modern mind

[B] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading

[C] what people often forget is carrying a book with them

[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed

32. The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to?????

[A] update their to-do lists

[B] make passing time fulfilling

[C] carry their plans through

[D] pursue carefree reading

33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps?????

[A] encourage the efficiency mind-set

[B] develop online reading habits

[C] promote ritualistic reading

[D] achieve immersive reading

34. “Carry a book with you at all times” can work if?????

[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day

[B] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with

[C] you are able to drop back to business after reading

[D] time can be evenly split for reading and business

35. The best title for this text could be?????

[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading

[B] How to Find Time to Read

[C] How to Set Reading Goals

[D] How to Read Extensively

Text 4

Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.

Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.

Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.

From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.

Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life” face a tougher a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.

Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said.” I can’t afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen.” Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their?children even though neither had completed college when he was young. “I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees,” Schneider said. “I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.”

36. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is_____.????

[A] trying out different lifestyles

[B] having a family with children

[C] working beyond retirement age

[D] setting up a profitable business

37. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to?____.???

[A] favor a slower life pace

[B] hold an occupation longer

[C] attach importance to pre-marital finance

[D] give priority to childcare outside the home

38. The priorities and expectations defined by the young will?____.???

[A] become increasingly clear

[B] focus on materialistic issues

[C] depend largely on political preferences

[D] reach almost all aspects of American life

39. Both young and old agree that?____.

[A] good-paying jobs are less available

[B] the old made more life achievements

[C] housing loans today are easy to obtain

[D] getting established is harder for the young

40. Which of the following is true about Schneider?

[A] He found a dream job after graduating from college.

[B] His parents believe working steadily is a must for success.

[C] His parents’ good life has little to do with a college degree.

[D] He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.

Part B

Directions:

Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

[A]Be silly

[B]Have fun

[C]Express your emotions

[D]Don't overthink it

[E]Be easily pleased

[F]Notice things

[G]Ask for help

As adults,it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness,often with mixed children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don't need self-help books or look after their wellbeing instinctively,and usually more effectively than we do as it's time to learn a few lessons from them.

What does a child do when he's sad? He he's angry?He a bit of we grow up,we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviours,which is in many ways a good too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions,especially negative 's about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately, and then-again like children-move.

A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was nine years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldn't stop talking about often we believe that a new job,bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content,but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.

Have you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies , increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off enfection. All of which, of course, have a positive effect on happiness levels.

考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第18篇

2023年考研科目包括：政治、英语、数学一、数学二、数学三、英语一、英语二、英语三、英语四、英语五、管理类联考科目等。具体的科目时间安排如下：

- 政治：考试时间为2023年12月25日上午8:30-10:30。

- 英语一：考试时间为2023年12月26日下午2:30-4:30。

- 英语二：考试时间为2023年12月27日上午8:30-10:30。

- 数学一：考试时间为2023年12月27日下午2:30-4:30。

- 数学二：考试时间为2023年12月28日上午8:30-10:30。

- 数学三：考试时间为2023年12月28日下午2:30-4:30。

- 英语三：考试时间为2023年12月29日上午8:30-10:30。

- 英语四：考试时间为2023年12月29日下午2:30-4:30。

- 英语五：考试时间为2023年12月30日上午8:30-10:30。

- 管理类联考科目：考试时间为2023年12月30日下午2:30-4:30。

考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第19篇

【英语一大作文】

值得注意的是：考研图画作文的第一段一定要清晰、明确、完整地描述图片。这是很多考生容易忽略的一点。光想着后文自己想写的论点，而只讲自己关注的那点：比方说， 可能只写到大家相互之间都没有对话。而忘了交待图片所在的场景：一次朋友聚会。同时，建议描写图片时，应该先整体，后细节，最后结尾时突出大家“见面各自玩手机，根本零交流”。这样，以便引出下一段的观点。

首先，智能手机的近体现在：智能手机使得人们可以不受时间、空间，甚至年龄的限制，随时随地聊得火热。而且，智能手机上的各种社交圈，使得父母、同事、熟人，甚至陌生人都相互关注、相互热络起来。人们无时无刻不通过手机彼此关心、关注。人与人之间的亲热劲儿似乎越来越高。当然，这一点是图片背后的隐含信息，建议简单一点，1、2句指明就可以。重点应放在图片揭示的这种面对面的“零交流”。

因此，不妨给出的建议是一方面要利用好智能手机给予的便利，另一方面要防止过分沉溺于使用智能手机。从而忘记了关心、关注真正面对面在你身边的人。因为智能手机毕竟是人类用来沟通，用来更便捷联络彼此的工具。合理、理智地使用，才能使得社会关系和人际关系改善，而不是更糟糕。

在整篇作文的思路和结构解析以外，尤其要提醒考生的几点是：1. 图画作文的图画描述一定不能忘，要到位; 2. 整篇文章不要光顾着表达思想，而犯很多低级的语言错误，语言错误和漏写标题都会扣分; 3. 文章可以从不同角度去写，但不要离图片内容所暗含的意思太远，不要过分阐释，以免跑题。

最后，给考生一个忠告：一定要善用真题，历年真题的作文要认真去自己审题、读题、写完之后，看看范文。不少词汇、句型，在不同话题中，都可以相互借鉴、使用!

【英语一小作文】

考研英语(一)小作文并未考察之前很多辅导机构和考生预测的求职信、求学信、申请信等各类考研写作尚未考察过的书信，而是考察了推荐信这一题型：推荐一本书给俱乐部的书友们。这是考研小作文自开考十一年来第二次考察推荐信这一题型。上次考察推荐信为考研英语(一)当中，推荐一部最喜欢的电影。

经过审题我们发现，虽然这次考的推荐信不算热门考查题型，但是基本写作思路难度不高。正文最好分成三段。首段说明写信原因以及指出要推荐的书目;中段阐明推荐此书的原因;尾段表达希望将来跟书友们一同进行讨论。考生们如果能在正确审题的同时，注意书信写作格式，这篇小作文拿到高分不会太难。

考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第20篇

Directions:

Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should

1) interpret the chart, and

2) give your comments.

You should write about 150 words.(15 points)

参考范文：

What can be seen from the chart is the proportion change of students having part-time jobs during the four years’ college study. The proportion increases slightly from the first year to the third year, however, the fourth year has witnessed a dramatic increase, surging to .

There is no denying the fact that this trend is very pervasive in current colleges and, to some extent, quite proper. It is not difficult to come up with some possible factors accounting for this trend. To begin with, the major jobs of freshman and sophomore are to study, and to lay a solid foundation for their future work. What’s more, when students are going to step out of school and enter into society, they have to master lots of practical skills, for example, how to deal with challenges outside, so they have to take part in some part-time jobs. Apparently, doing part time job has many advantages. On the one hand, students can learn how to get along well with others and know the society more profoundly. On the other hand, to take a part-time job provides students with a valuable opportunity to put what they have learned from books into practice and make some money, which helps to reduce their families’ financial burden.

Due to the analysis above, this trend will continue for quite a while in the future. And it should be pointed out that study is the major task for college students though work experience is valuable. Students have to strike a balance between study and part-time job.

Directions:

Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to

1) inform them about the details and

2) encourage them to participate.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Don?t write your address.(10 points)

【经典范文】

Dear classmates,

I am writing this letter to inform that our class is going to hold a charity sale for the needy children in rural area of our province who have dropped out of school because their parents cannot afford their education. This activity will be held on our school’s playground on next Monday, January 22.

It is universally acknowledged that children are regarded as flowers and future of our nation; however, because of poverty, a growing number of kids in remote villages lost their learning opportunities which are not only crucial for their personal growth, but also essential for the sound development of the whole society. Consequently, there is no doubt that it is a noble cause to donate money to needy children through charity sale.

I really appeal to all the students to take part in this event and I will be grateful if you could come and give your donation.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第21篇

Dear David,

How have you been? I know it is a question for you to make a choice between an art exhibition show and a robot show. I am writing this email to suggest what I consider.

Here is my advice--the robot show. Firstly, I am impressed with a robot dancing hip-pop video sent by a Korean friend. You can imagine how interesting it is. Admittedly, the robot, to some extent, plays an important role in the future and will be as competitive edge across countries. In addition, you are energetic and innovative in AI, so it is a great opportunity for you to enjoy the fruitful events.

I hope you will show up in the robot show on Sunday. If possible, you could take pictures and share them with me.

Yours,

Li Ming

尊敬的大卫，

你最近怎么样？我知道在艺术展览和机器人展览之间做出选择是一个问题。我写这封电子邮件是为了建议我的想法。

这是我的建议——机器人秀。首先，我对一个韩国朋友发来的一段机器人跳舞的嘻哈视频印象深刻。你可以想象它有多有趣。诚然，在某种程度上，机器人在未来发挥着重要作用，并将成为各国的竞争优势。此外，您在人工智能方面充满活力和创新精神，因此这是您享受富有成果的活动的绝佳机会。

我希望你能出现在周日的机器人秀上。如果可能的话，你可以拍照并与我分享。

考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第22篇

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.

One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.

Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.

46. yet, when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.

【参考译文】然而，看着无家可归者绘制出的花园图片时，人们会突然想到，尽管这些花园风格多样，它们都显示了人类除了装饰和创造性表达之外的其他各种基本诉求

47. A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.

【参考译文】无论地方多么简陋不堪，寻求一片静谧圣土是人类特有的需求，而动物需要的仅是仅是避难栖息之地。

48. The gardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such.

【参考译文】无家可归者的乐园,实际上是一个毫无家气息的地方,给城市环境带来了一种新的形式。。

无家可归者描绘的花园实质上是无所依附的,这些花园把一种形式引入城市环境中，而这样的城市环境中，形式要么根本不存在, 要么就完全不是以这种明显的方式存在。

49. most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic.

【参考译文】我们大多数人会深陷于精神萎靡的状态，并常常将此归咎为一些心理原因，直到某天我们发现自己置身花园中，感到如魔法般烦闷尽消

50. It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.

【参考译文】正是对自然的这种或隐晦含蓄或清晰直白的提及，充分证实了用“花园”一词来描述这些虚拟建筑是合乎情理的，即使是从毫无拘泥的意义来讲的。

考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第23篇

如何正确对待考研英语历年真题

一，就历届真题而言，应把重点放在分析最近几年的真题上，做到分析过去，总结规律，因为近几年的真题在很大程度上反映了现在考研英语试题的命题动向，如题材、难度、命题思路、命题形式等。可见，从近几年的'真题中我们可以洞察到明年试题的方向和趋势，因此对考生现在的复习具有重要的指导价值。对于以后的真题作为复习资料操练是很有必要的，但决不能只看十年真题。因为十年真题题量不够。如阅读理解Part A，十年真题总共才40篇。仅靠40篇文章来应对明年考研肯定是不够的。

二，对近几年的真题的操练应在教师的直接指导下来进行，以便克服盲目性、增强自觉性、提高针对性。有的真题具有方向性、典型性，但也有少量真题命题不当。所以应由辅导老师进行去粗取精、去伪存真、由此及彼、由表及里的分析取舍。盲目做题，犹如瞎子摸象。只见现象、不见本质，只见局部、不见整体。一般来说，教师对近年真题有比较深入的研究，因此经过教师指导，考生可以迅速进入考研的切入点，从而辨明方向、改进方法、提高效率、节省时间，举一反三、事半功倍。

三，必须根据自身情况做一定量的模拟试题。模拟试题的选择十分重要。要选用有经验且认真负责的老师编写的辅导资料。可以向你们师兄、师姐请教一下，征求他/她们的意见作为选择参考。

四，有的考生说，真题应放到考前做。否则现在做完了，以后没有了。我认为这种说法不妥。我们准备考研时应首先接触真题，以便尽快进入考研状况：了解试题现状、体验试题难度、找出自身差距、明确前进方向等等。我的意见是，先做部分真题，再做部分模拟试题，交错进行，互相比对，去判断模拟试题的质量，去自测自己的语言能力和应试能力。

考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第24篇

48. Directions:

Directions:

Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should

1) interpret the chart, and

2) give your comments.

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

As the bar graph indicates, both city and rural area witnessed a distinguished phenomenon in population fluctuation. Indeed, population in city increased at a breakneck speed and surpassed that of rural area during the period from 1990 to while population in rural region slightly decreased down to a scale which was close to that of city.

What accounts for this disparity? The answer involves two factors. The first contributing factor is the substantially fast developing steps of cities in China. No one can deny that since Chinese economic reform from 1980s which mostly benefits people in city. The second reason is that Chinese farmers enjoy the harvest from new policies that are established to benefit farmers. People in rural areas are allowed to migrate for work and residence by the law and an increasing number of farmers choose to work in city and become migrant workers just because they would make much more money than ever before in city. All these are the result of urbanization.

Based on the analyses above, we can safely draw the conclusion that the process of urbanization will continue in the years ahead, and every single Chinese benefits from the fast development of China.

考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第25篇

48、Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing , you should

1) interpret the chart, and

2) give your comments

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)

Emerging from the clearly depicted pie chart is the distribution of focusing factors of citizens in a city when choosing a restaurant in , consisting of 4 parts, which are features, service, environment, price and other factors. Among them, the proportion of service, environment, price and other factors is , , and respectively. By contrast, the factor of focusing on features of the restaurant is in the lead, accounting for .

What has triggered this phenomenon? To begin with, with the fast development of national economy and personal wealth, people in China have stepped into an era of enjoying life, transforming traditional pattern of living. Therefore, such a great proportion of citizens are more likely to focus on the features of a restaurant, instead of only concentrating on the price. Moreover, in a society where living standard is highly advocated, citizens in mounting numbers in China, shrugging off their former habit of focusing on lower price, gradually find the service and environment of a restaurant is an essential factor. According to a survey conducted by China Research Center, up to 87% Chinese people prefer to choose a comfortable and fashionable restaurant when they go out for eating.

Taking into account what has been argued so far, I am inclined to think about the current situation is normal. In view of the analysis above, it can be predicted that the trend will continue in the future. Accordingly, it is of no necessity for the public to regard it with too much consideration.

考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第26篇

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again _1_ that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by _2_. A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.

A different and not mutually exclusive _3_ holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one _4_ by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives _5_, people will simply become lazy and depressed. _6_, today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for _7_ Americans. Also, some research suggests that the _8_ for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting _9_ poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many _10_ the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.

But it doesn’t _11_ follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the _12_ of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the _13_ of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could _14_ strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the _15_ of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.

These days, because leisure time is relatively _16_ for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional _17_ of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel _18_,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”―perhaps different enough to throw himself _19_ a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for _20_ matters.

1.[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring

【答案】C

【解析】答案为C。动词词义辨析。作家学者警示人们技术会代替人类劳动。boast吹嘘、自负。deny否认。ensure确保。warning警示，警告。

2.[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty

【答案】A

【解析】答案为A。上下文理解。根据后文富人会拥有所有资产，贫困地区也会扎堆，可以看出此处想表达不平等的意思。inequality不平等，instability不稳定性，unreliability不可靠性，uncertainty不确定性。

3.[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction

【答案】D

【解析】答案为D。词义辨析。policy政策，guideline指导方针，resolution决心，prediction预测。该句意为：另外一种预测认为……。

4.[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured

【答案】A

【解析】答案为A。动词词义辨析。该句意为未来社会的特点是无目的性。

5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom

【答案】B

【解析】答案为B。词义辨析，上下文理解。没有了工作富裕生活的意义，人们会变得懒散沮丧。其他几项不符合题意。

6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless

【答案】B

【解析】答案为B。考查副词。Indeed实际上，那些失业者生活并不美好。

7.[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated

【答案】C

【解析】答案为C。上下文理解。前面提到失业的美国人在和工作的美国人做对比。

8.[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute

【答案】A

【解析】答案为A。词义辨析。死亡率升高，心理健康问题等是因为没有工资待遇较好的工作，这就解释了原因问题。Explanation符合题意。

9.[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among

【答案】D

【解析】答案为D。介词辨析。没有受到良好教育的中年人中间这些问题比较严重。

10.[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside

【答案】C

【解析】答案为C。固定搭配意思辨析。Worry about担心，leave behind丢弃，使落后make up 组成，set aside 留出，把……放在一旁。该句意为这就是为什么人们担心未来无工作的无聊。

11.[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically

【答案】C

【解析】答案为C。副词词义辨析。Necessarily必然地，statistically统计地，occasionally偶然地，economically经济上地。该句想表达并不必然的意思。

12.[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles

【答案】B

【解析】答案为B。理解上下文。前面说没有工作会导致不安，这些观念是来源于在职业概念的社会中失业的消极面。

13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course

【答案】A

【解析】答案为A。固定搭配。In absence of 缺乏，in height of 在…高度，in face of 面临，in course of 在…中。该句意为如果没有工作，也就是in absence of job。

14. [A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield

【答案】D

【解析】答案为D。动词词义辨析。没有工作的社会能为人们带来放松。Yield 有获得，带来的意思，disturb打扰，妨碍，restore恢复，交还，exclude排斥

15. [A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship

【答案】C

【解析】答案为C。词义辨析。根据后面工作的缺点可以推测此处想表达工作的优点被过分夸大了。virtue优点，好处。

16.[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce

【答案】D

【解析】答案为D。词义辨析和上下文理解。休闲时间对工作人来说相对较少。

17.[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats

【答案】A

【解析】答案为A。词义辨析。闲暇时间来平衡人们的智力和情感需求。

18.[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved

【答案】B

【解析】答案为B。词义理解。下班回到家感觉到疲惫。Starved饥饿的。

19.[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into

【答案】D

【解析】答案为D。固定搭配和介词使用。Throw into投身于，throw off摆脱，throw against扔掉，throw behind抛开。投身到自己的爱好之中。

20. [A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal

【答案】B

【解析】答案为B。词义辨析。一些需要专业技能的项目。

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.

Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches。 The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run―up to 2012―but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers。

Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.

Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots”, concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods―making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education。 Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.

to Paragraph1, Parkrun has______.

考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第27篇

Would a Work-Free World Be So Bad?

People have speculated for centuries about a future without work, and today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again warning that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by inequality: A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.

A different, less paranoid, and not mutually exclusive prediction holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one characterized by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives meaning, people will simply become lazy and depressed. Indeed, today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for working Americans. Also, some research suggests that the explanation for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addiction among poorly-educated, middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs. Another study shows that people are often happier at work than in their free time. Perhaps this is why many worry about the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.

But it doesn’t necessarily follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with malaise. Such visions are based on the downsides of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the absence of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could yield strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the virtue of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a squandering of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway who has written about a world without work. “Global surveys find that the vast majority of people are unhappy at work.”

These days, because leisure time is relatively scarce for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional demands of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel tired,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”―perhaps different enough to throw himself into a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for professional matters.

Having a job can provide a measure of financial stability, but in addition to stressing over how to cover life’s necessities, today’s jobless are frequently made to feel like social outcasts. “People who avoid work are viewed as parasites and leeches,” Danaher says. Perhaps as a result of this cultural attitude, for most people, self-esteem and identity are tied up intricately with their job, or lack of job.

Plus, in many modern-day societies, unemployment can also be downright boring. American towns and cities aren’t really built for lots of free time: Public spaces tend to be small islands in seas of private property, and there aren’t many places without entry fees where adults can meet new people or come up with ways to entertain one another.

The roots of this boredom may run even deeper. Peter Gray, a professor of psychology at Boston College who studies the concept of play, thinks that if work disappeared tomorrow, people might be at a loss for things to do, growing bored and depressed because they have forgotten how to play. “We teach children a distinction between play and work,” Gray explains. “Work is something that you don’t want to do but you have to do.” He says this training, which starts in school, eventually “drills the play” out of many children, who grow up to be adults who are aimless when presented with free time.

“Sometimes people retire from their work, and they don’t know what to do,” Gray says. “They’ve lost the ability to create their own activities.” It’s a problem that never seems to plague young children. “There are no three-year-olds that are going to be lazy and depressed because they don’t have a structured activity,” he says.

But need it be this way? Work-free societies are more than just a thought experiment―they’ve existed throughout human history. Consider hunter-gatherers, who have no bosses, paychecks, or eight-hour workdays. Ten thousand years ago, all humans were hunter-gatherers, and some still are. Daniel Everett, an anthropologist at Bentley University, in Massachusetts, studied a group of hunter-gathers in the Amazon called the Pirah? for years. According to Everett, while some might consider hunting and gathering work, hunter-gatherers don’t. “They think of it as fun,” he says. “They don’t have a concept of work the way we do.”

“It’s a pretty laid-back life most of the time,” Everett says. He described a typical day for the Pirah?: A man might get up, spend a few hours canoeing and fishing, have a barbecue, go for a swim, bring fish back to his family, and play until the evening. Such subsistence living is surely not without its own set of worries, but the anthropologist Marshall Sahlins argued in a 1968 essay that hunter-gathers belonged to “the original affluent society,” seeing as they only “worked” a few hours a day; Everett estimates that Pirah? adults on average work about 20 hours a week (not to mention without bosses peering over their shoulders). Meanwhile, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average employed American with children works about nine hours a day.

Does this leisurely life lead to the depression and purposelessness seen among so many of today’s unemployed? “I’ve never seen anything remotely like depression there, except people who are physically ill,” Everett says. “They have a blast. They play all the time.” While many may consider work a staple of human life, work as it exists today is a relatively new invention in the course of thousands of years of human culture. “We think it’s bad to just sit around with nothing to do,” says Everett. “For the Pirah?, it’s quite a desirable state.”

Gray likens these aspects of the hunter-gatherer lifestyle to the carefree adventures of many children in developed countries, who at some point in life are expected to put away childish things. But that hasn’t always been the case. According to Gary Cross’s 1990 book A Social History of Leisure Since 1600, free time in the . looked quite different before the 18th and 19th centuries. Farmers―which was a fair way to describe a huge number of Americans at that time―mixed work and play in their daily lives. There were no managers or overseers, so they would switch fluidly between working, taking breaks, joining in neighborhood games, playing pranks, and spending time with family and friends. Not to mention festivals and other gatherings: France, for instance, had 84 holidays a year in 1700, and weather kept them from farming another 80 or so days a year.

This all changed, writes Cross, during the Industrial Revolution, which replaced farms with factories and farmers with employees. Factory owners created a more rigidly scheduled environment that clearly divided work from play. Meanwhile, clocks―which were becoming widespread at that time―began to give life a quicker pace, and religious leaders, who traditionally endorsed most festivities, started associating leisure with sin and tried to replace rowdy festivals with sermons.

As workers started moving into cities, families no longer spent their days together on the farm. Instead, men worked in factories, women stayed home or worked in factories, and children went to school, stayed home, or worked in factories too. During the workday, families became physically separated, which affected the way people entertained themselves: Adults stopped playing “childish” games and sports, and the streets were mostly wiped clean of fun, as middle- and upper-class families found working-class activities like cockfighting and dice games distasteful. Many such diversions were soon outlawed.

With workers’ old outlets for play having disappeared in a haze of factory smoke, many of them turned to new, more urban ones. Bars became a refuge where tired workers drank and watched live shows with singing and dancing. If free time means beer and TV to a lot of Americans, this might be why.

At times, developed societies have, for a privileged few, produced lifestyles that were nearly as play-filled as hunter-gatherers’. Throughout history, aristocrats who earned their income simply by owning land spent only a tiny portion of their time minding financial exigencies. According to Randolph Trumbach, a professor of history at Baruch College, 18th-century English aristocrats spent their days visiting friends, eating elaborate meals, hosting salons, hunting, writing letters, fishing, and going to church. They also spent a good deal of time participating in politics, without pay. Their children would learn to dance, play instruments, speak foreign languages, and read Latin. Russian nobles frequently became intellectuals, writers, and artists. “As a 17th-century aristocrat said, ‘We sit down to eat and rise up to play, for what is a gentleman but his pleasure?’” Trumbach says.

It’s unlikely that a world without work would be abundant enough to provide everyone with such lavish lifestyles. But Gray insists that injecting any amount of additional play into people’s lives would be a good thing, because, contrary to that 17th-century aristocrat, play is about more than pleasure. Through play, Gray says, children (as well as adults) learn how to strategize, create new mental connections, express their creativity, cooperate, overcome narcissism, and get along with other people. “Male mammals typically have difficulty living in close proximity to each other,” he says, and play’s harmony-promoting properties may explain why it came to be so central to hunter-gatherer societies. While most of today’s adults may have forgotten how to play, Gray doesn’t believe it’s an unrecoverable skill: It’s not uncommon, he says, for grandparents to re-learn the concept of play after spending time with their young grandchildren.

When people ponder the nature of a world without work, they often transpose present-day assumptions about labor and leisure onto a future where they might no longer apply; if automation does end up rendering a good portion of human labor unnecessary, such a society might exist on completely different terms than societies do today.

So what might a work-free . look like? Gray has some ideas. School, for one thing, would be very different. “I think our system of schooling would completely fall by the wayside,” says Gray. “The primary purpose of the educational system is to teach people to work. I don’t think anybody would want to put our kids through what we put our kids through now.” Instead, Gray suggests that teachers could build lessons around what students are most curious about. Or, perhaps, formal schooling would disappear altogether.

Trumbach, meanwhile, wonders if schooling would become more about teaching children to be leaders, rather than workers, through subjects like philosophy and rhetoric. He also thinks that people might participate in political and public life more, like aristocrats of yore. “If greater numbers of people were using their leisure to run the country, that would give people a sense of purpose,” says Trumbach.

Social life might look a lot different too. Since the Industrial Revolution, mothers, fathers, and children have spent most of their waking hours apart. In a work-free world, people of different ages might come together again. “We would become much less isolated from each other,” Gray imagines, perhaps a little optimistically. “When a mom is having a baby, everybody in the neighborhood would want to help that mom.” Researchers have found that having close relationships is the number-one predictor of happiness, and the social connections that a work-free world might enable could well displace the aimlessness that so many futurists predict.

In general, without work, Gray thinks people would be more likely to pursue their passions, get involved in the arts, and visit friends. Perhaps leisure would cease to be about unwinding after a period of hard work, and would instead become a more colorful, varied thing. “We wouldn’t have to be as self-oriented as we think we have to be now,” he says. “I believe we would become more human.”

新题型

The surprising truth about American manufacturing

The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. “We don’t make anything anymore,” he told Fox News last October, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.

On Tuesday, in rust belt Pennsylvania, he doubled down, saying that he had “visited cities and towns across this country where a third or even half of manufacturing jobs have been wiped out in the last 20 years.” The Pacific trade deal, he added, “would be the death blow for American manufacturing.”

Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.

But there is also a different way to look at the data.

In reality, United States manufacturing output is at an all-time high, worth $ trillion in , up from $ trillion in . And while total employment has fallen by nearly a third since 1970, the jobs that remain are increasingly skilled.

Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: Instead of having too many workers, as they did during the Great Recession, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every year. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place. Other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay. And those industries don’t have the stigma of 40 years of recurring layoffs and downsizing.

“We’ve never had so much attention from manufacturers. They’re calling and saying: ‘Can we meet your students?’ They’re asking, ‘Why aren’t they looking at my job postings?' ” says Julie Parks, executive director of workforce training at Grand Rapids Community College in western Michigan.

The region is a microcosm of the national challenge. Unemployment here is low (around 3 percent, compared with a statewide average of 5 percent). There aren’t many extra workers waiting for a job. And the need is high:1 in 5 people work in manufacturing, churning out auto parts, machinery, plastics, office furniture, and medical devices. Other industries, including agribusiness and life sciences, are vying for the same workers.

For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers C and upward pressure on wages. “They’re harder to find and they have job offers,” says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm. “They may be coming [into the workforce], but they’ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing as well as manufacturing,”

Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture. He is also part of a public-private initiative to promote manufacturing to students that includes job fairs and sending a mobile demonstration vehicle to rural schools. One of their messages is that factories are no longer dark, dirty, and dangerous; computer-run systems are the norm and recruits can receive apprenticeships that include paid-for college classes.

At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keeps a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers. Five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.

At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It’s his first week on the job; this is his first encounter with Roth, his boss. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering.

“I love working with tools. I love creating,” he says.

But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials “remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession,” says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan.

These concerns aren’t misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2015. The steepest declines came after , when China gained entry to the World Trade Organization and ramped up exports of consumer goods to the US and other rich countries. In areas exposed to foreign trade, every additional $1,000 of imports per worker meant a $550 annual drop in household income per working-age adult, according to a study in the American Economic Review. And unemployment, Social Security, and other government benefits went up $60 per person.

The -09 recession was another blow. And advances in computing and robotics offer new ways for factory owners to increase productivity using fewer workers.

When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Electricians, plumbers, and pipefitters are in in short supply across Michigan and elsewhere; vocational schools and union-run apprenticeships aren’t keeping pace with demand and older tradespeople are leaving the workforce. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels.

“The gap is between the jobs that take no skills and those that require a lot of skill,” says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College an hour from Grand Rapids. “There’s enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t need to have much skill. It’s that gap in between, and that’s where the problem is.”

Ms. Parks of Grand Rapids Community College points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. “Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives,” she says.

Roth says he gets this distinction. At RoMan, workers can set their own hours on their shift, choosing to start earlier or end later, provided they get the job done. That the factory floor isn’t a standard assembly line C everything is custom-built for industrial clients C makes it easier to drop the punch-clocks.

“People have lives outside,” Roth says. “It’s not always easy to schedule doctors’ appointments around a ‘punch-in at 7 and leave at 3:30’ schedule.”

While factory owners like Roth like to stress the flexibility of manufacturing careers, one aspect is nonnegotiable: location. Millennials looking for a job that allow them to work from home are not likely to get a callback. “I'm not putting a machine tool in your garage,” says Roth.

考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第28篇

This is a health literacy chart of Chinese residents from 2012 to 2021. Specifically, one can see that health literacy in 2012, with , is growing year by year, at in 2021.

Obviously, there are two reasons to prompt the level. For one thing, the common sense of healthy knowledge is captured by most of people, from youth to the elderly, by virtue of the popular publication of non-profit healthy lectures, TV program on state-run media involving TV. For another, most of Chinese people, with higher education and high salary, have an awareness of avoiding unhealthy diet behaviors,such as refusing undue roast food, controlling excessive sugar-intake.

It is natural for most of Chinese to continue to improve the recognition of health. Even as a young college student, we should pay more attention to learning basic healthy knowledge, developing healthy behavior.

这是2012年至2021年中国居民的健康素养图表。具体而言，可以看到，2012年的健康识字率为，正逐年增长，2021年为。

显然，有两个原因可以提示级别。一方面，从年轻人到老年人，大多数人都掌握了健康知识的常识，这得益于非营利健康讲座、国有媒体上涉及电视的电视节目的流行。另一方面，大多数受过高等教育、薪水高的中国人都有避免不健康饮食行为的意识，控制过量的糖摄入。

对大多数中国人来说，继续提高对健康的认识是很自然的。即使是一个年轻的大学生，我们也应该更加注意学习基本的健康知识，养成健康的行为。

考研英语作文二历年真题范文 第29篇

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text。Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)

In our contemporary culture，the prospect of communicating with-or even looking at-a stranger is virtually unbearable Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones，even without a 1 underground

Its a sad reality-our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings-because theres 2 to be gained from talking to the strange r standing by you. But you wouldnt know it， 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 ：Please dont approach me.

What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?

One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach We fear rejection，or that our innocent social advances will be 6 ascreep,We fear weII be 7 We fear weII be disruptive Strangers are inherently 8 to us，so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our become our security blanket，Wortmann are our happy

glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .

But once we rip off the bandaid，tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up，it doesnt 12 so bad. In one experiment，behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . When and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own, the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didnt expect a positive experience, after they 17 with

the experiment, not a single person reported having been snubbed.

18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. Its that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.

1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C]signall [D] record

2. [A] nothing [B] link [C]another [D] much

3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C]plugged [D] brought

4. [A] message [B] cede [C]notice [D] sign

5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from

6. [A] misinterprete [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched

7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed

8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungreatful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar

9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry

10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn

11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring

12. [A] hurt [B] resis [C] bend [D] decay

13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation

14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers

15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predictl [D] design

16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride

17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up

18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C]In fact [D] In consequence

19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas

20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] Iogical [D] rare

答案：

1. signal 2. Much 3. plugged 4. message 5. behind

6. misinterpreted 7. judged 8. unfamiliar 9. anxious 10. turn

11. dangerous 12. hurt 13. Conversation 14. passengers

15. predict 16. ride 17. went through 18. in fact

19. since 20. simple

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured peoples cortntlol. Which is it at stress marker. While they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home, writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske, In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. it is men not women. Who report being bappicr at home than at work, Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with childrcn and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why pcoplc who work outside the home have better health.

What the study doesnt measure is whether people are still doing work when they re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

But its not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what theyre supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.

So its not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

to Pa ragraph 1，most previous su rveys found that home

[A]was an un realistic place for relaxation

[B]generated more stress than the workplace

[C]was an ideal place for stress measurement

[D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace

to Damaske， who are likely to be the happiest at home?

[A]Working mothers

[B]Childless husbands

[C] Childless wives

[D]Working fathers

23 The blurring of working womens roles refers to the fact thay

[A]they are both bread winners and housewives

[B]their home is also a place for kicking back

[C]there is often much housework left behind

[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office

wordmoola(Line 4， 4)most probably means

[A]energy

[B]skills

[C]earnings

[D]nutrition

home front differs from the workplace in that

[A]home is hardly a cozier working environment

[B]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut

[C]household tasks are generally more motivating

[D]family labor is often adequately rewarded

答案：

offered greater relaxation than the workplace

childless husbands

they are both bread winners and housewives

earnings

division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut